Potential for extending the chloramphenicol dosing interval for canine urinary tract infections.

Canine urinary excretion of chloramphenicol was evaluated to optimize a dosing protocol for treating urinary tract infections. Seven healthy male intact purpose-bred Beagles and six healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds each received a single oral 50 mg/kg dose of chloramphenicol. Urine was collected at baseline, and 6, 8, 12, and 24 h after chloramphenicol.

Florfenicol urinary excretion and its potential for treating canine urinary tract infections.

The canine urinary excretion of florfenicol was evaluated to explore its potential for treating urinary tract infections. Nine healthy male intact purpose-bred Beagles and four healthy client-owned dogs each received a single oral dose of florfenicol 20 mg/kg (300 mg/mL parenteral solution) with food. All voluntary urinations were collected for 12 h.

detected in the oral cavity of a dog in Kansas.

is an emerging human fungal pathogen, first described in Japan in 2009, and first detected in the United States in 2016. Here, we report the first-ever description of colonizing a human pet, the first identification of in a non-human mammal in the United States and the first isolate from the state of Kansas. While analyzing the oral mycobiome of dogs from a shelter in Kansas, the oral swab from one dog was found to contain as well as three other fungal species.

Fungal diversity and drug susceptibility of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the variety and diversity of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs and to identify the commensal and potentially pathogenic fungi present. Two hundred fifty-one buccal swabs from domestic dogs were obtained and struck onto a chromogenic fungal growth medium that distinguishes between fungal species based on colony color and morphology. After isolating and harvesting single colonies, genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures.

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020.

Background: Awareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).

Objectives: To estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S.

Clinical utility of fungal culture and antifungal susceptibility in cats and dogs with histoplasmosis.

Background: Culture can be used for diagnosis and antifungal susceptibility testing in animals with fungal infections. Limited information is available regarding the diagnostic performance of culture and the susceptibility patterns of Histoplasma spp. isolates.

Long-acting injectable methadone (methadone-fluconazole) provides safe and effective postoperative analgesia in a randomized clinical trial for dogs undergoing soft tissue surgery.

Objective: To assess the pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse effects of injectable methadone with the pharmacokinetic enhancer fluconazole (methadone-fluconazole), compared with the standard formulation of injectable methadone, in dogs after ovariohysterectomy. We hypothesized that 2 doses of methadone-fluconazole would provide 24 hours of postoperative analgesia.

Animals: 3 purpose-bred dogs (pharmacokinetic preliminary study) and 42 female dogs from local shelters (clinical trial) were included.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility, antibiogram and clinical interpretation, and antimicrobial prescribing behaviors for dogs with otitis in the Midwestern United States.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) can cause otitis in dogs that is nonresponsive to empirical therapy. This study evaluated P.

Elective ovariohysterectomy or castration can proceed in shelter dogs despite mild to moderate presurgical leukocytosis.

Objective: To determine whether shelter dogs presenting for elective ovariohysterectomy or castration have leukocytosis, whether leukocytes are associated with age and infection, and whether leukocytosis precludes progression to surgery.

Animals: 138 dogs (from 13 regional shelters) presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration between October 7 and December 6, 2019.

Procedures: For this prospective study, each dog underwent presurgical physical examination, CBC, and tests for Dirofilaria immitis antigen and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Ehrlichia canis antibodies, with additional tests performed as needed.

Comparisons of hematologic results for juvenile versus adult shelter dogs presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration.

Objective: To compare hematologic results for juvenile versus adult dogs from shelters that outwardly appeared healthy and were presented for ovariohysterectomy or castration.

Animals: 138 dogs from 13 regional shelters.

Procedures: Each dog underwent a physical examination (including use of a flea comb), age estimation by dental eruption characteristics, PCV, CBC, and tests for antigen and , and antibodies.

Evaluation of diabetes mellitus regulation in dogs treated with ophthalmic preparations of prednisolone acetate versus diclofenac sodium.

Objective: To evaluate and compare regulation of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs with cataracts and well-controlled DM that received an ophthalmic preparation of prednisolone acetate versus diclofenac sodium.

Animals: 22 client-owned dogs with cataracts and well-controlled DM.

Procedures: A prospective, randomized, double-masked, experimental study was conducted.

Pretreatment Histoplasma capsulatum urine enzymatic immunoassay concentrations do not correlate with outcome but may be influenced by renal function in cats with histoplasmosis.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if urine Histoplasma antigen (HAg) enzyme immunoassay (EIA) concentrations at the time of diagnosis and prior to the administration of antifungal agents are predictive of outcome for cats infected with Histoplasma capsulatum and to determine if compromised renal function affects urine HAg EIA measurements.

Methods: Medical records at four institutions were searched to identify cats diagnosed with histoplasmosis between April 2012 and December 2015. Pretreatment urine Histoplasma EIA values were recorded, along with patient signalment, serum creatinine concentration, urine specific gravity, site(s) of infection and survival data.

Clinical signs, treatment, and prognostic factors for dogs with histoplasmosis.

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis in a large sample of dogs, compare outcomes achieved with fluconazole versus itraconazole, and identify variables available at the time of diagnosis with prognostic value. DESIGN Retrospective case series with nested cohort study. ANIMALS 79 dogs with confirmed histoplasmosis evaluated at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals from 1999 through 2015.

Candidate prognostic indicators in cats with histoplasmosis treated with antifungal therapy.

Objectives The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify candidate prognostic indicators in cats with histoplasmosis treated with antifungal therapy. Methods Medical records of cats diagnosed with histoplasmosis were reviewed. Candidate prognostic indicators were assessed for an association with survival to hospital discharge and survival to 1 and 6 months after diagnosis.

Review of enterococci isolated from canine and feline urine specimens from 2006 to 2011.

Canine and feline urine culture reports and medical records were reviewed at a veterinary teaching hospital from 2006 to 2011 for enterococcal growth, coinfections, antimicrobial resistance, urine sediment findings, clinical signs, and concurrent conditions. Of all of the urine specimens with significantly defined colony-forming units/mL, Enterococcus (E.) faecalis was the only enterococci isolated from cats and predominated (77.

Public health campaign to promote hand hygiene before meals in a college of veterinary medicine.

Veterinary students can be exposed to environmental infectious agents in school that may include zoonotic pathogens. Encouraging effective hand hygiene can minimize the spread of zoonoses and promote public health and the One Health concept among veterinary students. The purpose of this study was to determine if a campaign could improve hand hygiene among veterinary students at extracurricular meetings serving meals.

Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis from Intestinal and Nodal Tissue of Dogs and Cats.

Objective. To determine prevalence of MAP in intestinal and nodal tissue from dogs and cats at necropsy at Kansas State University and to determine if an association existed between presence of MAP and gastrointestinal inflammation, clinical signs, or rural exposure. Procedures.

Evaluation of a hand hygiene campaign in outpatient health care clinics.

Objective: To improve hand hygiene in two outpatient health care clinics through the introduction of a gel sanitizer and an informational poster.

Methods: In this interventional study, health care workers at two outpatient clinics were observed for frequency of hand hygiene (attempts versus opportunities). Gel sanitizer and informational posters were introduced together as an intervention.

Pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in healthy cats.

Objective: To describe the pharmacokinetics of oral pimobendan in healthy cats.

Animals: 18 purpose-bred cats.

Methods: In 10 cats, blood samples were collected before, and at multiple time points after, a single oral dose of pimobendan (0.

Feline histoplasmosis: fluconazole therapy and identification of potential sources of Histoplasma species exposure.

Feline histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal infection often treated with itraconazole, which can be cost-prohibitive for some clients. Additionally, although the clinical disease in cats has been documented, sources of Histoplasma species spore exposure in cats have yet to be thoroughly investigated. The objectives of this study were to compare the outcomes of cats with histoplasmosis treated with fluconazole to those treated with itraconazole, and to evaluate possible sources of exposure for affected cats.

Surveillance of bacterial contamination in small animal veterinary hospitals with special focus on antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of enterococci.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial contamination on 4 surfaces of 4 types of standard equipment in small animal veterinary hospitals.

Design: Surveillance study.

Sample: 10 small animal veterinary hospitals.

Refeeding syndrome in a cat with hepatic lipidosis.

Refeeding syndrome is characterized by severe hypophosphatemia occurring in patients given enteral or parenteral nutrition after severe weight loss. There are few veterinary reports that describe this syndrome but it is well documented in human medicine. This report describes a case of a domestic shorthair cat diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis following a 4-week history of decreased appetite and weight loss and in whom refeeding syndrome was documented after initiation of enteral nutrition.

Observation-based evaluation of hand hygiene practices and the effects of an intervention at a public hospital cafeteria.

Background: Hand hygiene is important before meals, especially in a hospital cafeteria where patrons may have had recent contact with infectious agents. Few interventions to improve hand hygiene have had measureable success. This study was designed to use a poster intervention to encourage hand hygiene among health care workers (HCWs) and hospital visitors (HVs) upon entry to a hospital cafeteria.