Exploring the gendered experiences of Australian tennis coaches: A cross-sectional survey of women and men tennis coaches.

Women remain underrepresented in tennis coaching roles in Australia. This study aimed to examine the factors (barriers and facilitators) that may underlie gendered experiences in sport coaching and their links to retention in the profession, through the lens of Self-determination Theory. An online survey assessed barriers to coaching (individual, interpersonal, organisational and socio-cultural levels), coaching motivation and social support for coaching.

Exploring Medical Student Attitudes Regarding Inter-university Learning: A Pilot Study.

Introduction The United Kingdom needs to educate more medical students to meet workforce demands. With static numbers of clinical teachers available, novel and efficient approaches are required to prepare students for real-life work where doctors routinely work with colleagues from different medical schools. This innovative project was designed to investigate student attitudes towards inter-university learning (IUL), whereby two medical students from different universities learn together.

A source of systematic bias in self-reported physical activity: The cutpoint bias hypothesis.

Objectives: Estimates of adults' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) based on self-report are generally higher than estimates derived from criterion measures. This study examines a possible explanation for part of this discrepancy: the cutpoint bias hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that inter- and intra-individual variability in energy expenditure, combined with the fact that adults perform a high proportion of daily activities at or just above the traditional 3 MET cutpoint, result in systematic over-estimates of MVPA.

Utility of the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities.

Purpose: The purposes of this article are to: (a) describe the rationale and development of the Youth Compendium of Physical Activities (Youth Compendium); and (b) discuss the utility of the Youth Compendium for audiences in research, education, community, health care, public health, and the private sector.

Methods: The Youth Compendium provides a list of 196 physical activities (PA) categorized by activity types, specific activities, and metabolic costs (youth metabolic equivalents of task [MET]) as measured by indirect calorimetry. The utility of the Youth Compendium was assessed by describing ways in which it can be used by a variety of audiences.

Children's physical activity levels during organised sports practices.

Objectives: This study measured the physical activity levels of children during practice sessions of four popular organised sports in Australia.

Design: Cross-sectional observational design.

Methods: Participants comprised children from four local organised sports clubs in suburban Adelaide, South Australia.

A Youth Compendium of Physical Activities: Activity Codes and Metabolic Intensities.

Purpose: A Youth Compendium of Physical Activities (Youth Compendium) was developed to estimate the energy costs of physical activities using data on youth only.

Methods: On the basis of a literature search and pooled data of energy expenditure measurements in youth, the energy costs of 196 activities were compiled in 16 activity categories to form a Youth Compendium of Physical Activities. To estimate the intensity of each activity, measured oxygen consumption (V˙O2) was divided by basal metabolic rate (Schofield age-, sex-, and mass-specific equations) to produce a youth MET (METy).

The Energy Cost of Household Chores, Rollerblading, and Riding Scooters in 9- to 14-Year-Old Children.

Background: To improve the scope of the Youth Compendium of Energy Expenditures, a range of everyday activities of varying intensity should be measured. This study measures the energy cost of children undertaking common household chores, rollerblading and riding a foot-propelled scooter.

Methods: Participants were 9- to 14-year-old children.

Energy Cost of Free-Play Activities in 10- to 11-Year-Old Children.

Objective: This study sought to ascertain the energy expenditure (EE) associated with different sedentary and physically active free-play activities in primary school-aged children.

Methods: Twenty-eight children (13 boys; 11.4 ± 0.

Criterion validity of the activPAL™ and ActiGraph for assessing children's sitting and standing time in a school classroom setting.

Background: Few studies have investigated the accuracy of the ActiGraph (AG) GTX3 accelerometer for assessing children's sitting and standing time. The activPAL (aP) has an inclinometer function that enables it to distinguish between sitting/lying and standing; however, its accuracy for assessing sitting and standing in older children is unknown. This study validated the accuracy of these devices for estimating sitting and standing time in a school classroom against a criterion measure of direct observation (DO).

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Asian and Anglo-Australian adolescents.

Issue Addressed: Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) participation varies among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) adolescents. The present study examined differences in PA and SB among a CALD sample of Chinese Australian, South-east Asian and Anglo-Australian adolescents.

Methods: Data from 286 adolescents aged 12-16 years involved in the Chinese and Australian Adolescent Health Survey in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, were analysed.

Development and psychometric properties of the Y-PASS questionnaire to assess correlates of lunchtime and after-school physical activity in children.

Background: To frame interventions, it is useful to understand context- and time-specific correlates of children's physical activity. To do this, we need accurate assessment of these correlates. There are currently no measures that assess correlates at all levels of the social ecological model, contain items that are specifically worded for the lunchtime and/or after-school time periods, and assess correlates that have been conceptualised and defined by children.

Increasing specificity of correlate research: exploring correlates of children's lunchtime and after-school physical activity.

Background: The lunchtime and after-school contexts are critical windows in a school day for children to be physically active. While numerous studies have investigated correlates of children's habitual physical activity, few have explored correlates of physical activity occurring at lunchtime and after-school from a social-ecological perspective. Exploring correlates that influence physical activity occurring in specific contexts can potentially improve the prediction and understanding of physical activity.

Reliability and validity of the modified Child and Adolescent Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey (CAPANS-C) questionnaire examining potential correlates of physical activity participation among Chinese-Australian youth.

Background: To date, few questionnaires examining psychosocial influences of physical activity (PA) participation have been psychometrically tested among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) youth. An understanding of these influences may help explain the observed differences in PA among CALD youth. Therefore, this study examined the reliability and predictive validity of a brief self-report questionnaire examining potential psychological and social correlates of physical activity among a sample of Chinese-Australian youth.

Validating the multimedia activity recall for children and adolescents in a large New Zealand sample.

The aim of the study was to validate the self-report Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA) against accelerometry for the assessment of physical activity in New Zealand children. Participants (n = 716, 10-18 years) recalled 3-4 days of activity using the MARCA and underwent a partially overlapping 7-day accelerometry protocol during a national survey. Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) assessed the association between accelerometer-derived counts per minute and MARCA-derived physical activity level and time in locomotion.

Presleep activities and time of sleep onset in children.

Objective: Presleep activities have been implicated in the declining sleep duration of young people. A use-of-time approach may be used to describe the presleep period. The study aims were to describe the activities undertaken 90 minutes before sleep onset and to examine the association between activities and time of sleep onset in New Zealand young people.

Doubly labeled water validation of a computerized use-of-time recall in active young people.

Objective: Low levels of daily energy expenditure (insufficient physical activity and increased sedentary time) have been associated with adverse health outcomes in young people. The Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adolescents (MARCA) is a computerized, self-report, use-of-time tool that can assess daily energy expenditure. The study aim was to validate the MARCA for the estimation of energy expenditure in young people, using the criterion standard doubly labeled water.

Correlates of children's time-specific physical activity: a review of the literature.

Assessment of correlates of physical activity occurring at different times of the day, locations and contexts, is imperative to understanding children's physical activity behaviour. The purpose of this review was to identify the correlates of children's physical activity (aged 8-14 years) occurring during the school break time and after-school periods. A review was conducted of the peer-reviewed literature, published between 1990 and January 2011.

Agreement between activPAL and ActiGraph for assessing children's sedentary time.

Background: Accelerometers have been used to determine the amount of time that children spend sedentary. However, as time spent sitting may be detrimental to health, research is needed to examine whether accelerometer sedentary cut-points reflect the amount of time children spend sitting. The aim of this study was to: a) examine agreement between ActiGraph (AG) cut-points for sedentary time and objectively-assessed periods of free-living sitting and sitting plus standing time using the activPAL (aP); and b) identify cut-points to determine time spent sitting and sitting plus standing.

It's not just the television: survey analysis of sedentary behaviour in New Zealand young people.

Background: Sedentary behaviour has been linked with adverse health outcomes in young people; however, the nature and context of being sedentary is poorly understood. Accurate quantification and description of sedentary behaviour using population-level data is required. The aim of this research was to describe sedentary behaviour among New Zealand (NZ) youth and examine whether sedentary behaviour differs by Body Mass Index (BMI) status in this population.

Reliability of the modified child and adolescent physical activity and nutrition survey, physical activity (CAPANS-PA) questionnaire among Chinese-Australian youth.

Background: Evidence suggests that differences exist in physical activity (PA) participation among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) children and adolescents. It is possible that these differences could be influenced by variations in measurement technique and instrument reliability. However, culturally sensitive instruments for examining PA behaviour among CALD populations are lacking.

Physical activity and screen time behaviour in metropolitan, regional and rural adolescents: a -sectional study of Australians aged 9-16 years.

Objectives: While there is consistent evidence that rural adults in Australia are less active than their urban counterparts, studies relating geographical remoteness to activity patterns in Australian adolescents have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to describe objectively and subjectively measured patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviours across remoteness categories in a representative sample of 9-16 year old Australians.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

The place of physical activity in the time budgets of 10- to 13-year-old Australian children.

Background: Low physical activity has been associated with increased fatness and deceased fitness. This observational study aimed to describe the magnitude, composition, and time-distribution of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in Australian children.

Methods: A total of 1132 10 to 13 year old schoolchildren completed a 24-h activity recall diary on 2 to 4 occasions.

Descriptive epidemiology of screen and non-screen sedentary time in adolescents: a cross sectional study.

Background: Much attention has been paid to adolescents' screen time, however very few studies have examined non-screen sedentary time (NSST). This study aimed to (1) describe the magnitude and composition of screen sedentary time (SST) and NSST in Australian adolescents, (2) describe the socio-demographic correlates of SST and NSST, and (3) determine whether screen time is an adequate surrogate for total sedentary behaviour in this population.

Methods: 2200 9-16 year old Australians provided detailed use of time data for four days.

The type and prevalence of activities performed by Australian children during the lunchtime and after school periods.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the most prevalent reported activities performed by Australian children during the lunchtime and after school periods; and estimate the mean duration of a typical bout of the most prevalent activities performed during the lunchtime and after school periods.

Design: This study was a secondary data analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.

Method: Use of time data were collected from Australian children aged 10.