Effects of intravenous and topical laryngeal lidocaine on heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cough response to endotracheal intubation in dogs.

Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous (IV) and topical laryngeal lidocaine on heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cough response to endotracheal intubation (ETI) in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study.

Animals: Forty-two client-owned dogs (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I and II status) undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery.

The effect of two different intra-operative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses.

Objective: To compare the effect of two different intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions on apnoeic duration in the recovery period in horses.

Study Design: Prospective randomized clinical study.

Animals: Eighteen healthy client-owned adult horses (ASA I-II) admitted for elective surgery.