The relationship between REM sleep prior to analog trauma and intrusive memories.

Intrusive memories are a common experience following trauma exposure but can develop into a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent research has observed a relationship between sleep disturbance and intrusive memory frequency following analog trauma exposure and disruptions in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are found to contribute to emotional dysregulation and an amplified reaction to negative emotional stimuli. The current study examined the association between REM sleep prior to analog trauma and intrusive memories.

Prevalence of insomnia in a general adult population cohort using different diagnostic criteria: The seventh survey of the Tromsø study 2015-2016.

Insomnia disorder is a subjective complaint of sleep dissatisfaction including both night-time and daytime symptoms. Currently there are three commonly used diagnostic manuals each with their own set of criteria, which is often credited for the wide range in insomnia prevalence reported by population-based studies, especially those with self-reported insomnia. However, there are limited studies directly comparing different criteria and little is known about associations with health outcomes.

Predictors of early adulthood insomnia following exposure to a single mass violence attack during adolescence: 7-13 year follow-up from the Utøya and HUNT studies.

The long-term impact of mass violence attacks is practically unknown, especially in children and adolescents. In a previous study, we found that 8.5 years after a terror attack targeting mainly adolescents, nearly half of the survivors met diagnostic criteria for insomnia.

Prevalence and potency of trauma reminders 8.5 years after a terrorist attack.

Empirical knowledge about the prevalence and potency of reminders several years post-trauma, and how experiences with reminders relate to mental health and functioning, is scarce. The aim of this study was threefold: (1) systematically describe the type and frequency of trauma reminders experienced by survivors 8.5 years after a terrorist attack; (2) explore the intensity and duration of reactions evoked by various reminders; and (3) examine whether experiences with trauma reminders are associated with psychological distress and level of functioning almost a decade post-trauma.

To sleep or not to sleep, that is the question: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of post-trauma sleep on intrusive memories of analog trauma.

Distressing intrusive memories of a traumatic event are one of the hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Thus, it is crucial to identify early interventions that prevent the occurrence of intrusive memories. Both, sleep and sleep deprivation have been discussed as such interventions, yet previous studies yielded contradicting effects.

Phenotypic divergence in sleep and circadian cycles linked by affective state and environmental risk related to psychosis.

Study Objectives: Environmental cues influence circadian rhythm timing and neurochemicals involved in the regulation of affective behavior. How this interplay makes them a probable nonspecific risk factor for psychosis is unclear. We aimed to identify the relationship between environmental risk for psychosis and circadian timing phenotypes sampled from the general population.

Insomnia in survivors 8.5 years after the Utøya Island terrorist attack: transition from late adolescence to early adulthood - the Utøya study.

Background: Insomnia is a global health concern, associated with many mental and physical health conditions. Prevalence of insomnia is reported to increase during adolescence and early adulthood. High levels of insomnia are also reported in adolescents up to 2.

Does Daylength Affect Sleep and Mental Health Symptoms during Behavioral Interventions for Insomnia?

Background: Approximately 11-33% of Australian adults experience Insomnia Disorder, which is associated with higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities, and lower quality of life. Non-pharmacological interventions are the front-line treatments for insomnia. Despite the known impact of light on the sleep/wake cycle via the circadian system, it is not yet known whether seasonal variations in environmental light levels (i.

The impact of sleep loss on performance monitoring and error-monitoring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Awareness of performance deficits and errors during sleep loss could be protective against the consequences of sleep deprivation, however, it is unclear whether sleep deprived individuals have insight into their performance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of sleep loss (sleep duration <6 h) on monitoring of performance and errors using Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO & Cochrane Central. We identified 28 studies, 11 of which were appropriate for meta-analysis.

Do environmental risk factors for the development of psychosis distribute differently across dimensionally assessed psychotic experiences?

Psychotic experiences (PE) are associated with poorer functioning, higher distress and the onset of serious mental illness. Environmental exposures (e.g.

Sleep and intrusive memories immediately after a traumatic event in emergency department patients.

Study Objectives: Intrusive memories of psychological trauma are a core clinical feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and in the early period post-trauma may be a potential target for early intervention. Disrupted sleep in the weeks post-trauma is associated with later PTSD. The impact of sleep and intrusive memories immediately post-trauma, and their relation to later PTSD, is unknown.

Improving mental health and physiological stress responses in mothers following traumatic childbirth and in their infants: study protocol for the Swiss TrAumatic biRth Trial (START).

Introduction: Emergency caesarean section (ECS) qualifies as a psychological trauma, which may result in postnatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Maternal PTSD may not only have a significant negative impact on mother-infant interactions, but also on long-term infant development. The partner's mental health may also affect infant development.

Validation of 'Somnivore', a Machine Learning Algorithm for Automated Scoring and Analysis of Polysomnography Data.

Manual scoring of polysomnography data is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and most existing software does not account for subjective differences and user variability. Therefore, we evaluated a supervised machine learning algorithm, Somnivore, for automated wake-sleep stage classification. We designed an algorithm that extracts features from various input channels, following a brief session of manual scoring, and provides automated wake-sleep stage classification for each recording.

Investigation of the impact of total sleep deprivation at home on the number of intrusive memories to an analogue trauma.

Sleep enhances the consolidation of memory; however, this property of sleep may be detrimental in situations where memories of an event can lead to psychopathology, such as following a traumatic event. Intrusive memories of trauma are emotional memories that spring to mind involuntarily and are a core feature of post-traumatic stress disorder. Total sleep deprivation in a hospital setting on the first night after an analogue trauma (a trauma film) led to fewer intrusive memories compared to sleep as usual in one study.

Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application.

Intrusive memories of a traumatic event can be distressing and disruptive, and comprise a core clinical feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Intrusive memories involve mental imagery-based impressions that intrude into mind involuntarily, and are emotional. Here we consider how recent advances in cognitive science have fueled our understanding of the development and possible treatment of intrusive memories of trauma.

Chronotype and environmental light exposure in a student population.

In humans and most other species, changes in the intensity and duration of light provide a critical set of signals for the synchronisation of the circadian system to the astronomical day. The timing of activity within the 24 h day defines an individual's chronotype, i.e.

Intrusive Memories of Trauma in the Laboratory: Methodological Developments and Future Directions.

Purpose Of The Review: Intrusive memories are those that spring to mind unbidden, e.g. sensory recollections of stressful/traumatic events.

The interaction between subclinical psychotic experiences, insomnia and objective measures of sleep.

Investigations into schizophrenia have revealed a high incidence of comorbidity with disturbed sleep and circadian timing. Acknowledging this comorbidity on a dimensional level, we tested prospectively whether subclinical psychotic symptoms are more prevalent in individuals with insomnia. An insomnia group (n=21) and controls (n=22) were recruited on their subjective sleep quality, recorded actigraphically for 3weeks and assessed for psychotic-like experiences with The Prodromal Questionnaire-16.

Insomnia, Nightmares, and Chronotype as Markers of Risk for Severe Mental Illness: Results from a Student Population.

Study Objectives: To group participants according to markers of risk for severe mental illness based on subsyndromal symptoms reported in early adulthood and evaluate attributes of sleep across these risk categories.

Methods: An online survey of sleep and psychiatric symptomatology (The Oxford Sleep Survey) was administered to students at one United Kingdom university. 1403 students (undergraduate and postgraduate) completed the survey.

Psychological Effect of an Analogue Traumatic Event Reduced by Sleep Deprivation.

Study Objective: To examine the effect of sleep deprivation compared to sleep, immediately after experimental trauma stimuli on the development of intrusive memories to that trauma stimuli.

Design: Participants were exposed to a film with traumatic content (trauma film). The immediate response to the trauma film was assessed, followed by either total sleep deprivation (sleep deprived group, N = 20) or sleep as usual (sleep group, N = 22).

Sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances: multiple genes and multiple phenotypes.

Sleep is regulated by two broad mechanisms: the circadian system, which generates 24-h rhythms of sleep propensity and a wake-dependent homeostatic sleep process whereby sleep pressure increases during wake and dissipates during sleep. These, in turn, regulate multiple brain structures and neurotransmitter systems. In view of the complexity of sleep it is not surprising that there is considerable variation between individuals in both sleep timing and propensity.