Development of Niosomal Vesicles Loaded Mometasone Furoate Gel for Transdermal Delivery and its Evaluation.

Background: Mometasone Furoate (MF) is a corticosteroid (glucocorticoid) used to treat eczema, psoriasis, allergies, and rash on the skin; also used to reduce itching, redness, and swelling (inflammation). It has been reported that the bioavailability of MF is less than 11% when given via the nasal route. Encapsulating the drug in niosomes can improve the active pharmaceutical ingredient's bioavailability by enhancing both physical and biological stability.

Concordance of assessment of insight by different measures in obsessive-compulsive disorder: An outpatient-based study from India.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the (a) prevalence of various levels of insight among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and (b) correlation of insight specifier (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [DSM]-5) and other established measures of insight in OCD.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-five outpatients with a diagnosis of OCD were assessed by Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) and DSM-IV's insight specifier. The insight specifier of DSM-5 was determined by item one ("conviction") of BABS.

Role of personality in tobacco smoking behavior in corporate sector: A cross-sectional study.

Background: India's corporate sector has grown steadily over the past decade, and it is providing a lot of work opportunities to Indian youth. Around 20% of employees in the corporate sector in India smoke cigarettes. In general, addictive behaviors including smoking are associated with certain personality dimensions.

Positive Aspects of Caregiving and Its Correlates among Caregivers of Bipolar Affective Disorder.

Objective: To evaluate the positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates (socio-demographic and clinical variables, caregiver burden, coping, quality of life, psychological morbidity) in the primary caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BPAD).

Methods: A total of 60 primary caregivers of patients with a diagnosis of BPAD were evaluated on the Scale for Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience (SPACE) and the Hindi version of Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire, Family Burden Interview Schedule (FBIS), modified Hindi version of Coping Checklist, shorter Hindi version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), and Hindi translated version of 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).

Results: Caregivers of patients with BPAD had the highest mean score in the SPACE domain of Motivation for caregiving role (2.

Factor analysis of symptom profile in early onset and late onset OCD.

This study aimed to assess the factor structure of early and late onset OCD. Additionally, cluster analysis was conducted in the same sample to assess the applicability of the factors. 345 participants were assessed with Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale symptom checklist.

Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience among Caregivers of Patients with Dementia.

Objective: To assess the positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates among caregivers of patients with dementia.

Methods: A total of 55 primary caregivers of patients with dementia were invited to complete the Scale for Positive Aspects of Caregiving Experience (SPACE), Coping Checklist, Social Support Questionnaire, and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF version. Caregivers were also assessed by a clinician using the Burden Interview Schedule.

Neurocognitive Functioning in Schizophrenia, their Unaffected Siblings and Healthy Controls: A Comparison.

Aim: Neurocognitive functions are considered to be reliable endophenotypes for schizophrenia. This study aimed to study the neurocognitive functioning of unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia and compare the same with a group of patients with schizophrenia and a group of healthy controls.

Materials And Methods: Three study groups, that is, unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia, patients of schizophrenia and healthy controls, each group comprising of 20 participants were evaluated on Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Digit Symbol Test.

Coping and caregiving experience of parents of children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes: An exploratory study.

Aims: To assess the coping strategies and the relationship of coping with subjective burden and positive caregiving consequences as perceived by the caregivers of children and adolescents with Type-1 diabetes.

Design: Cross-sectional assessment.

Setting: Outpatient of Endocrinology Department.

Symptom profile of alcohol withdrawal delirium: factor analysis of Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 version.

Background: The symptom profile of alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD), relative to deliriums of other etiology, remains uncertain.

Objective: To evaluate the factor structure of symptoms in patients with AWD, as assessed by the Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (DRS-R-98).

Method: A total of 112 patients aged 18 years or more with AWD were assessed on DRS-R-98.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in cycloserine-induced psychosis.

A 33-year-old multidrug-resistant tuberculosis female patient diagnosed as cycloserine-induced psychosis developed several neuroleptic side effects such as extrapyramidal reaction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and drug-induced parkinsonism while she was being treated with initially haloperidol and then olanzapine over a period of 2 months. Patient's antipsychotic medications were withdrawn, and treatment with bromocriptine showed prompt recovery. The multiple neurological adverse effects which the patient developed had implications on the management of the complications as well as her illness.

Combined use of clozapine and ECT: a review.

Objective: This paper aims to review the available evidence for the use of clozapine and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in combination.

Methodology: Electronic searches were carried out to identify reports describing the combined use of clozapine and ECT.

Results: Forty reports including 208 patients were identified.

Females too suffer from Dhat syndrome: A case series and revisit of the concept.

Dhat syndrome as a clinical entity has been rarely described in females. Ethnographic studies suggest that as in males, whitish vaginal discharge in females is also associated with depressive and somatic symptoms and many women with symptoms of whitish discharge attribute their depressive and somatic symptoms to the whitish discharge. In this report, we describe two female patients who presented with psychiatric manifestations also with somatic symptoms and attributed their somatic complaints to whitish vaginal discharge.

Delirium: Predictors of delay in referral to consultation liaison psychiatry services.

Objective: To evaluate the predictors of delay in psychiatry referral for patients with delirium.

Materials And Methods: The consultation liaison psychiatry registry and case notes of 461 patients referred to psychiatry consultation liaison services and diagnosed as having delirium were reviewed. Data pertaining to sociodemographic variables, clinical variables, Delirium Rating Scale-Revised 98 version, etiologies associated with delirium were extracted.

Use of electroconvulsive therapy in an adolescent patient with catatonia.

There is lot of skepticism about the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in children and adolescents. However, available literature suggests that use of ECT can be at times life-saving in adolescents, especially those presenting with severe catatonia. We treated a 16-year-old female who presented to us with catatonia with a course of nine ECTs, with which she showed marked improvement.

Management of tardive syndromes with clozapine: a case series.

Tardive syndromes are among the most debilitating side effects associated with use of antipsychotics. In this case series we present 5 cases of drug induced tardive syndromes, who had not responded to many of the other therapeutic measures but responded to clozapine. The response rate with clozapine varied from 50% to 100% and the response was seen by week 3 in most cases.

Caregiving appraisal in schizophrenia: a study from India.

This study evaluated caregiving experience in the caregivers of patients with schizophrenia within the framework of the stress-appraisal-coping model. By purposive random sampling, 100 Indian patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers were assessed. The patients were assessed on Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS).

Clozapine and tardive movement disorders: a review.

Background: Tardive syndromes (TS) arise from long term exposure to dopamine receptor blocking agents. Clozapine has been considered to have low risk of causing new onset TS and is considered as a treatment option in patients with TS.

Aim: This review evaluates the usefulness of clozapine in patients with TS and occasional reports of clozapine causing TS.

Do motor subtypes of delirium in child and adolescent have a different clinical and phenomenological profile?

Objective: To explore the frequency of different motor subtypes of delirium in children and adolescents and to study the relationship of motor subtypes with other symptoms, etiology and outcome of delirium.

Methods: Forty-nine consecutive patients, aged 8-19 years, diagnosed as having delirium as per DSM-IV-TR were assessed on Delirium Rating Scale-Revised 98 (DRS-R-98), amended Delirium Motor Symptom Scale (DMSS), delirium etiology checklist and risk factors for delirium. Different motoric subtypes of delirium were compared with each other for symptoms of delirium as assessed by DRS-R-98, risk factors, etiology and outcome.

Relationship of caregiver burden with coping strategies, social support, psychological morbidity, and quality of life in the caregivers of schizophrenia.

Aim: To evaluate the relationship of caregiver burden as assessed by using Hindi Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) with coping strategies, social support, psychological morbidity, and quality of life of caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, the relationship of caregiver-burden with sociodemographic variables, and clinical variables, including severity of psychopathology and level of functioning of patients, was studied.

Methodology: The study included 100 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers recruited by purposive random sampling.

Symptom profile and outcome of delirium associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a study from India.

Aim: To study the profile of delirium associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in a developing country in terms of symptomatology, associated risk factors/physical complications, and outcome.

Methodology: Using a prospective design, 112 patients in whom delirium could be attributed to AWS as either the sole or a contributory cause were assessed by Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 and the associated etiological factors were assessed by using delirium etiology checklist.

Findings: In all patients, delirium was acute in onset and all patients had disturbance of sleep-wake cycle and inattention.

Indianization of psychiatry utilizing Indian mental concepts.

Most of the psychiatry practice in India is guided by the western concepts of mental health and illness, which have largely ignored the role of religion, family, eastern philosophy, and medicine in understanding and managing the psychiatric disorders. India comprises of diverse cultures, languages, ethnicities, and religious affiliations. However, besides these diversities, there are certain commonalities, which include Hinduism as a religion which is spread across the country, the traditional family system, ancient Indian system of medicine and emphasis on use of traditional methods like Yoga and Meditation for controlling mind.

Positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates in caregivers of schizophrenia: a study from north India.

OBJECTIVE. To study the positive aspects of caregiving and its correlates in primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS.