Services, models of care, and interventions to improve access to cancer treatment for adults who are socially disadvantaged: A scoping review protocol.

Timely access to guideline-recommended cancer treatment is known to be an indicator of the quality and accessibility of a cancer care system. Yet people who are socially disadvantaged experience inequities in access to cancer treatment that have significant impacts on cancer outcomes and quality of life. Among people experiencing the intersecting impacts of poor access to the social determinants of health and personal identities typically marginalized from society ('social disadvantage'), there are significant barriers to accessing cancer, many of which compound one another, making cancer treatment extremely difficult to access.

Managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life: A review.

Severe vision impairment and blindness in childhood have a significant health burden on the child, family and society. This review article seeks to provide a structured framework for managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life, starting from a comprehensive history and examination. Different investigation modalities and the increasingly important role of genetics will also be described, in addition to common causes of severe vision impairment.

Prevalence of Choroidal Abnormalities and Lisch Nodules in Children Meeting Clinical and Molecular Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of choroidal abnormalities (CAs) and Lisch nodules (LNs) in children who met the clinical diagnostic criteria (CDC) alone and those with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis (MCD) of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and to ascertain any differences between the groups.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study. All children who met the CDC and/or had MCD of NF1 and underwent eye examination were included.

IgG4-related disease of the orbit in an infant.

IgG4-related disease is a chronic fibroinflammatory disorder that is becoming increasingly recognized in the pediatric population. The orbit is one of the most commonly affected sites. We present the youngest case of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease in the literature, with an immunodeficiency phenotype associated with a homozygous IRAK-4 variant gene.

Optic Atrophy and Inner Retinal Thinning in -related Congenital Stationary Night Blindness.

Hemizygous pathogenic variants in lead to defective signal transmission from retinal photoreceptors to bipolar cells and cause incomplete congenital stationary night blindness in humans. Although the primary defect is at the terminal end of first-order neurons (photoreceptors), there is limited knowledge of higher-order neuronal changes (inner retinal) in this disorder. This study aimed to investigate inner retinal changes in -retinopathy by analyzing macular ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness and optic disc pallor in 22 subjects with molecularly confirmed -retinopathy.

Ocular motility disturbances after glaucoma drainage device implantation for paediatric glaucoma: a cross-sectional study.

Aim: To grade extraocular motility in the field of action of each extraocular muscle following superotemporal glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation in a paediatric population and to investigate which drainage device (Ahmed vs Baerveldt) yields less extraocular motility disturbance.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of children with a GDD implanted consecutively by a single surgeon who underwent ocular motility examination by two masked orthoptists. Ductions in the cardinal positions were graded.

Role of Optic Nerve Sheath Fenestration in Inflammatory Pachymeningitis Causing Visual Impairment.

Eye disease due to pachymeningitis caused by immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare occurrence. Here, the authors report a unique case of a patient presenting with visual loss from raised intracerebral pressure from pachymeningitis most likely related to IgG4-RD. The patient was treated with acetazolamide and steroids, and an optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed to successfully save the patients vision.

Investigation of corneal endothelial changes post selective laser trabeculoplasty.

Importance: Transient corneal endothelial changes are routinely noted on slit-lamp examination immediately following selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT).

Background: To determine the mechanism of transient corneal endothelial changes observed following SLT.

Design: University laboratory-based observational study.

Metastatic Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Simulating Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma.

Aim: To report a case of metastatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma presenting as an isolated choroidal mass and initially misdiagnosed as a circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Methods: The clinical history, fundus findings, imaging, cytology and immunohistochemical features are described.

Results: An otherwise healthy 66-year-old man was referred for a left nasal scotoma and a diagnosis of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty: current perspectives.

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been used in the treatment of glaucoma for just over a decade. Here, we review the current literature in terms of suggested mechanism, efficacy, method of treatment, predictors of success, adverse events, repeatability, and cost of SLT. The exact mechanism by which SLT lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) remains unknown although circumstantial evidence has come in many forms in relation to structural alteration; oxidative stress and inflammatory responses; tight junction integrity; proliferative responses; and microbubble formation.