Investigating the Impact of Additional Congenital Malformations on Speech Outcomes at age Five in Children with a Cleft Palate.

Objective: To determine whether children born with a cleft palate ± lip (CP ± L) and additional congenital differences (ACDs - including 'Congenital malformations and deformations' as coded in ICD-10), are less likely to meet the three national speech outcome standards at age five compared to children with CP ± L and no ACDs.

Design: An observational study, utilizing national data from the UK Cleft Registry and Audit NEtwork (CRANE) Database linked to national administrative data of hospital admissions.

Setting: National Health Service, England.

Cleft lip Sidedness and the Association with Additional Congenital Malformations.

Objective: To investigate the association between the sidedness of orofacial clefts and additional congenital malformations.

Design: Linkage of a national registry of cleft births to national administrative data of hospital admissions.

Setting: National Health Service, England.

Number and timing of primary cleft lip and palate repair surgeries in England: whole nation study of electronic health records before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To quantify differences in number and timing of first primary cleft lip and palate (CLP) repair procedures during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021; 2020/2021) compared with the preceding year (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020; 2019/2021).

Design: National observational study of administrative hospital data.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals in England.

Longitudinal educational attainment among children with isolated oral cleft: a cohort study.

Objectives: (1) To explore differences in educational attainment between children born with isolated clefts and the general population at ages 5, 7 and 11 years; (2) to describe longitudinal changes in attainment among children with cleft through primary education.

Design: Analysis of Cleft Registry and Audit Network data linked to national educational outcomes.

Setting: English state schools.

Investigating the Impact of Patient-Related Factors on Speech Outcomes at 5 Years of Age in Children With a Cleft Palate.

To investigate the relationship between patient-related factors (sex, cleft type, cleft extent, and Robin Sequence [RS]) and speech outcome at 5 years of age for children born with a cleft palate ±  lip (CP ± L). 3157 Children (1426 female:1731 male) with a nonsyndromic CP ± L, born between 2006 and 2014 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Perceptual speech analysis utilized the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented (CAPS-A) rating and UK National Speech Outcome Standards: Speech Standard 1 (SS1)-speech within the normal range, SS2a-no structurally related speech difficulties or history of speech surgery, and SS3-speech without significant cleft-related articulation difficulties.

School absence and achievement in children with isolated orofacial clefts.

Objectives: To examine school absence and academic achievement among 7-year-old children with isolated orofacial clefts in England.

Design: Analysis of educational data linked to national cleft registry and administrative hospital data.

Setting: English state schools.

Early academic achievement in children with isolated clefts: a population-based study in England.

Objectives: We used national data to study differences in academic achievement between 5-year-old children with an isolated oral cleft and the general population. We also assessed differences by cleft type.

Methods: Children born in England with an oral cleft were identified in a national cleft registry.

Grommet Surgery in Children With Orofacial Clefts in England.

Objective: To assess grommet insertion practice in the first 5 years of life among children with an orofacial cleft in England.

Design: Analysis of national administrative data of hospital admissions.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals, England.

Hospital care of children with a cleft in England.

Objective: To analyse hospital admissions in the first 2 years of life among children with cleft lip and/or palate in England.

Design: Analysis of national administrative data of hospital admissions.

Setting: National Health Service hospitals.

Hospital admissions for dental treatment among children with cleft lip and/or palate born between 1997 and 2003: an analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics in England.

Background: Children with clefts have an increased tendency for dental anomalies and caries.

Aim: To determine the pattern of hospital admissions for dental treatment during primary dentition among children with clefts.

Design: Cohort study based on Hospital Episode Statistics, an administrative database of all admissions to National Health Service hospitals in England.

Centralisation of services for children with cleft lip or palate in England: a study of hospital episode statistics.

Background: In 1998, a process of centralisation was initiated for services for children born with a cleft lip or palate in the UK. We studied the timing of this process in England according to its impact on the number of hospitals and surgeons involved in primary surgical repairs.

Methods: All live born patients with a cleft lip and/or palate born between April 1997 and December 2008 were identified in Hospital Episode Statistics, the database of admissions to English National Health Service hospitals.

Setting maternity care standards for women with obesity in pregnancy.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy-related complications that affect both the mother and baby. National clinical care guidelines have been developed by the Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries, as part of its Confidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) programme. These guidelines are intended to minimise and manage the risks associated with maternal obesity, and they were developed using formal consensus methods based on the Delphi technique.

Obesity in pregnancy: risks and management.

Maternal obesity is now considered one of the most commonly occurring risk factors seen in obstetric practice. Compared with women with a healthy pre-pregnancy weight, women with obesity are at increased risk of miscarriage, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, venous thromboembolism, induced labour, caesarean section, anaesthetic complications and wound infections, and they are less likely to initiate or maintain breastfeeding. Babies of obese mothers are at increased risk of stillbirth, congenital anomalies, prematurity, macrosomia and neonatal death.