Ecology of fear alters behavior of grizzly bears exposed to bear-viewing ecotourism.

Humans are perceived as predators by many species and may generate landscapes of fear, influencing spatiotemporal activity of wildlife. Additionally, wildlife might seek out human activity when faced with predation risks (human shield hypothesis). We used the anthropause, a decrease in human activity resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, to test ecology of fear and human shield hypotheses and quantify the effects of bear-viewing ecotourism on grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) activity.

Correction: Publication reform to safeguard wildlife from researcher harm.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.

Publication reform to safeguard wildlife from researcher harm.

Despite abundant focus on responsible care of laboratory animals, we argue that inattention to the maltreatment of wildlife constitutes an ethical blind spot in contemporary animal research. We begin by reviewing significant shortcomings in legal and institutional oversight, arguing for the relatively rapid and transformational potential of editorial oversight at journals in preventing harm to vertebrates studied in the field and outside the direct supervision of institutions. Straightforward changes to animal care policies in journals, which our analysis of 206 journals suggests are either absent (34%), weak, incoherent, or neglected by researchers, could provide a practical, effective, and rapidly imposed safeguard against unnecessary suffering.

decidualisation of human endometrial stromal cells is enhanced by seminal fluid extracellular vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles are highly abundant in seminal fluids and have a known role enhancing sperm function. Clinical pregnancy rates after IVF treatment are improved after female exposure to seminal fluid. Seminal fluid extracellular vesicles (SF-EVs) are candidate enhancers, however, whether SF-EVs interact with cells from the endometrium and modulate the implantation processes is unknown.

Australian triage tags: a prospective, randomised cross-over trial and evaluation of user preference.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if any disaster triage tag is superior to others, based on objective parameters (time, accuracy) and subjective parameters (user preference). A secondary aim was to determine the average time to perform triage assessment using 'sieve and sort'.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomised cross-over trial comparing triage cards currently used, or being implemented, across Australia.

Imagined futures: how experiential knowledge of disability affects parents' decision making about fetal abnormality.

Background: Knowledge of disability is considered key information to enable informed antenatal screening decisions by expectant parents. However, little is known about the role of experiential knowledge of disability in decisions to terminate or continue with a pregnancy diagnosed with a fetal abnormality.

Objective: To explore the role that expectant parents' experiential knowledge of disabilities and conditions can play in real-life decisions to continue or end a pregnancy with a fetal abnormality.

What patients think about ICU follow-up services: a qualitative study.

Introduction: UK policy recommendations advocate the use of intensive care unit (ICU) follow-up services to help detect and treat patients' physical and emotional problems after hospital discharge and as a means of service evaluation. This study explores patients' perceptions and experiences of these services.

Methods: Thirty-four former ICU patients were recruited throughout the UK, using maximum variation sampling to achieve as broad a range of experiences of the ICU as possible.

'My brain couldn't move from planning a birth to planning a funeral': a qualitative study of parents' experiences of decisions after ending a pregnancy for fetal abnormality.

Background: With increasing technology for screening and diagnostic testing for fetal abnormality in pregnancy, many more pregnant women and couples are faced with the decision to terminate a pregnancy often after receiving diagnostic test results in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Whilst there is extensive research on people's experience of diagnostic testing and decision-making, there has been less research on people's experiences of decisions they face immediately following their termination.

Objectives: To describe the experiences of (often unanticipated) decisions that people face in the immediate aftermath of ending a pregnancy following diagnosis of serious fetal abnormality.

Women's accounts of the physical sensation of chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis: expectations and experience.

Objective: to understand women's expectations and experience of discomfort during chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis, and relate them to aspects of clinical practice.

Design: thematic analysis of narrative interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software.

'One patient amongst many': a qualitative analysis of intensive care unit patients' experiences of transferring to the general ward.

Introduction: Many patients experience 'relocation stress' when they are transferred from an intensive care unit (ICU) to step-down (high dependency) or general ward care, and much has been written about the psychological causes. This qualitative analysis of in-depth, narrative interviews with former ICU patients explores and examines patients' accounts in order to identify additional causes of relocation stress.

Methods: Forty former ICU patients were recruited throughout the UK, using maximum variation sampling, to achieve a broad range of experiences of intensive care.

'Can I come off the tablets now?' A qualitative analysis of heart failure patients' understanding of their medication.

Objective: To examine whether heart failure patients' awareness of the purpose and side effects of their medicines equips them to participate in informed discussions about treatments.

Design: Qualitative interviews using a maximum variation sample were collected. Interviews were analysed using constant comparison.