The impact of supportive leadership on employee outcomes during organizational mergers: An organizational-level field study.

Past merger and acquisition research has reported mixed findings on the impact of mergers on workforces. To address these ambiguities and advance merger research at the organizational level of analysis, we present a natural quasi-experiment focusing on mergers in the English National Health Service. Building on organizational support theory and conservation of resources theory, we propose that merger events represent environmental stressors, with negative implications for employees' subjective (job satisfaction) and objective (absenteeism) outcomes.

Visual co-orientation and expectations about attentional orientation in pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus).

This study investigated attentional processes in a sample of captive gibbons. An initial aim of the research was to examine subjects' ability to co-orient with photographic images of both conspecific and human models. The gibbons' expectancies about the focus of another's attention was then also assessed, with an expectancy violation paradigm revealing subjects' sensitivity to an incompatibility between visual orientation and the position of a target object.