Safety of Alprazolam Use in Pregnancy in Western Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Linked Health Data.

The use of alprazolam in pregnancy can adversely affect maternal and neonatal health. This study examined neonatal outcomes following exposure to alprazolam in pregnancy. Women prescribed alprazolam during pregnancy ( = 48) between 2014 and 2018 were identified from routinely-collected state administrative prescribing records and perinatal data.

Modelling change in neurocognition, symptoms and functioning in young people with emerging mental disorders.

Mental disorders and their functional impacts evolve dynamically over time. Neurocognition and clinical symptoms are commonly modelled as predictors of functioning, however, studies tend to rely on static variables and adult samples with chronic disorders, with limited research investigating change in these variables in young people with emerging mental disorders. These relationships were explored in a longitudinal clinical cohort of young people accessing early intervention mental health services in Australia, around three-quarters of whom presented with a mood disorder (N = 176, aged 12-30 at baseline).

Transdiagnostic neurocognitive subgroups and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a cohort study.

Background: Neurocognitive impairments robustly predict functional outcome. However, heterogeneity in neurocognition is common within diagnostic groups, and data-driven analyses reveal homogeneous neurocognitive subgroups cutting across diagnostic boundaries.

Aims: To determine whether data-driven neurocognitive subgroups of young people with emerging mental disorders are associated with 3-year functional course.

Modelling associations between neurocognition and functional course in young people with emerging mental disorders: a longitudinal cohort study.

Neurocognitive impairment is commonly associated with functional disability in established depressive, bipolar and psychotic disorders. However, little is known about the longer-term functional implications of these impairments in early phase transdiagnostic cohorts. We aimed to examine associations between neurocognition and functioning at baseline and over time.

Brain N-Acetyl Aspartate and associations with cognitive impairment in alcohol dependent patients.

: Chronic alcohol consumption has been observed to be associated with a range of cognitive impairments that impact on treatment management. In this spectroscopy study, we examined the association of N-Acetyl Aspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity, and cognitive impairment in alcohol dependent patients.: Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS), we examined brain metabolite levels in 31 alcohol dependent individuals.

Elucidating the glutamatergic processes underlying mismatch negativity deficits in early stage bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A combined H-MRS and EEG study.

Impairments in mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia are well-established; these findings have been extended to show impairments at early illness stages and in bipolar disorder. A substantial literature supports MMN as an index of NMDA receptor output, however, few studies have conducted in vivo assessments to elucidate the neurochemical underpinnings of MMN. Sixty young (16-33 years) participants with bipolar disorder (n = 47) or schizophrenia (n = 13) underwent H-MRS and MMN assessment.

Exploring associations between early substance use and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning in young people engaged in a mental health service.

Neuropsychiatric disorders (including substance misuse) are associated with the greatest burden of functional disability in young people, and contributory factors remain poorly understood. Early-onset substance use is one candidate risk factor which may inform functional prognosis and facilitate direction of interventions aiming to curtail impairment. Accordingly, we modelled associations between early-onset use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATSs) and longitudinal socio-occupational functioning (indexed by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) in an observational cohort presenting to early intervention mental health services.

Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin and Pregabalin for Pain in Children and Adolescents.

The barriers to opioid use in some countries necessitate the need to identify suitable alternatives or adjuncts for pain relief. The gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are approved for the management of persistent pain in adults, but not in children. Searches were conducted in Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science up until November 2017, for randomized controlled trials that investigated the analgesic effects of gabapentin or pregabalin in children and adolescents <18 years of age.

Neurometabolite Levels in Alcohol Use Disorder Patients During Baclofen Treatment and Prediction of Relapse to Heavy Drinking.

Baclofen, a GABA agonist, is used as a treatment for alcohol dependence. We aimed to examine brain metabolites following administration of baclofen or placebo in alcohol dependent individuals enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Participants included 31 alcohol dependent individuals (recent drinking: = 16; and abstinent: = 15) who had received daily baclofen (BAC 30-75 mg = 20) or placebo (PL = 11) for at least 2 weeks (average 17 days).