Clinical and functional outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty supplemented with latissimus dorsi transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: To optimize patients' functional external rotation outcomes, reverse total shoulder arthroplasties (rTSAs) including a latissimus dorsi tendon transfer were undertaken with promising early results and no significant increase in complications in comparison to traditional rTSAs. This was especially utilized for patients with a pronounced combined loss of elevation and external rotation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and synthesize the findings of all relevant publications assessing the outcomes of rTSAs with associated latissimus dorsi transfer.

Epithelial-myeloid exchange of MHC class II constrains immunity and microbiota composition.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) have long been understood to express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules but are not considered canonical antigen-presenting cells, and the impact of IEC-MHC class II signaling on gut homeostasis remains enigmatic. As IECs serve as the primary barrier between underlying host immune cells, we reasoned that IEC-intrinsic antigen presentation may play a role in responses toward the microbiota. Mice with an IEC-intrinsic deletion of MHC class II (IEC) are healthy but have fewer microbial-bound IgA, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and immune repertoire selection.

Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clinicopathologic Features of Colorectal Cancer: Results From the ColoCare Study.

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), a bacterium associated with a wide spectrum of infections, has emerged as a key microbe in colorectal carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance of Fn in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain incompletely understood.

Patients And Methods: We examined associations between Fn abundance and clinicopathologic characteristics among 105 treatment-naïve CRC patients enrolled in the international, prospective ColoCare Study.

Expansion of Bacteriophages Is Linked to Aggravated Intestinal Inflammation and Colitis.

Bacteriophages are the most abundant members of the microbiota and have the potential to shape gut bacterial communities. Changes to bacteriophage composition are associated with disease, but how phages impact mammalian health remains unclear. We noted an induction of host immunity when experimentally treating bacterially driven cancer, leading us to test whether bacteriophages alter immune responses.