Influence of Rheological Properties and Needle Size on Extrusion Forces of Hyaluronic Acid Based Soft Tissue Fillers.

Background: To date no precise data are available for extrusion forces related to the G-prime and G-double-prime of fillers in combination with different 27G and 30G needles. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze extrusion forces of various product-needle-combinations containing two different 27G and two different 30G needles in combination with fillers of a wide range of elastic moduli starting from 2.0 – 166.

The Change of Plane of the Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Arteries in the Forehead-An Ultrasound-Based Investigation.

Background: Injecting soft tissue fillers into the deep plane of the forehead carries the risk of injection-related visual compromise due to the specific course of the arterial vasculature.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the 2- and 3-dimensional location of the change of plane of the deep branch of the supratrochlear and supraorbital artery, respectively.

Methods: A total of 50 patients (11 males and 39 females; mean age, 49.

Intraarterial Degradation of Calcium Hydroxylapatite Using Sodium Thiosulfate - An In Vitro and Cadaveric Study.

Background: The most severe complications following soft tissue filler injections result from the intraarterial administration of the filler product. Although hyaluronic acid-based filler can be trans-arterially dissolved with hyaluronidase, no information is available on calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA)-based fillers.

Objective: The authors sought to test whether CaHA-based fillers can be trans-arterially dissolved by sodium thiosulfate (STS) when evaluated in cadaveric and in vitro models.