The Impact of a Breast Cancer Risk Assessment on the Decision for Gender-Affirming Chest Masculinization Surgery in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals: A Pilot Single-Arm Educational Intervention Trial.

Background: Persons assigned female or intersex at birth and identify as transgender and/or gender-diverse (TGD) may undergo gender-affirming chest masculinization surgery (GACMS); however, GACMS is not considered equivalent to risk-reducing mastectomies (RRM). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of elevated breast cancer (BC) risk in TGD persons, compare self-perceived versus calculated risk, and determine how risk impacts the decision for GACMS versus RRM.

Methods: A prospective single-arm pilot educational intervention trial was conducted in individuals assigned female or intersex at birth, age ≥ 18 years, considering GACMS, without a BC history or a known pathogenic variant.

Underrepresentation of African Americans in Plastic Surgery: Examining Demographics, Specialty Factors, and Medical School Experiences.

Background: Racial representation among medical trainees translates into physicians that are able to communicate with diverse patient populations and are perceptive to health disparities. This is important within plastic surgery where an optimal physicianpatient relationship is essential to health outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to address underrepresentation of African Americans (AA) in plastic surgery through improving understanding of factors that may contribute to AA medical student interest in plastic surgery.

Quantifying Hand Strength and Isometric Pinch Individuation Using a Flexible Pressure Sensor Grid.

Modulating force between the thumb and another digit, or isometric pinch individuation, is critical for daily tasks and can be impaired due to central or peripheral nervous system injury. Because surgical and rehabilitative efforts often focus on regaining this dexterous ability, we need to be able to consistently quantify pinch individuation across time and facilities. Currently, a standardized metric for such an assessment does not exist.

Quantitative assessments of finger individuation with an instrumented glove.

Background: In clinical and research settings, hand dexterity is often assessed as finger individuation, or the ability to move one finger at a time. Despite its clinical importance, there is currently no standardized, sufficiently sensitive, or fully objective platform for these evaluations.

Methods: Here we developed two novel individuation scores and tested them against a previously developed score using a commercially available instrumented glove and data collected from 20 healthy adults.

A 10-Year Review of Surgical Outcomes at the Johns Hopkins and University of Maryland Resident Aesthetic Clinic.

Background: In 2014, the Plastic Surgery Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) increased minimum aesthetic surgery requirements. Consequently, the resident aesthetic clinic (RAC) has become an ever more important modality for training plastic surgery residents.

Objectives: To analyze demographics and long-term surgical outcomes of aesthetic procedures performed at the Johns Hopkins and University of Maryland (JH/UM) RAC.

Does Realism Matter? A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Models for Medical Student Suture Education.

Background: We hypothesized that medical students trained in suturing using high-fidelity models (cadaveric tissue) would demonstrate greater proficiency when compared with those trained using low-fidelity models (synthetic tissue).

Methods: Forty-three medical students were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of students taught to perform simple interrupted sutures using synthetic tissue, and group 2 consisted of those taught using human cadaveric tissue.

Breast-Related Quality of Life in Young Reduction Mammaplasty Patients: A Long-Term Follow-Up Using the BREAST-Q.

Background: Reduction mammaplasty is the most effective means of improving symptoms of macromastia. Although studies have shown lasting benefits in adult patients, there is a paucity of data that explore this topic in young patients. In this study, the long-term satisfaction and well-being of young reduction mammaplasty patients was assessed.

The Impact of Ergonomics on Recruitment to Surgical Fields: A Multi-Institutional Survey Study.

Background: Awareness of ergonomics in surgery is growing, but whether musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in surgery influence trainee career choices remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize medical students' MSK pain during surgical rotations and determine whether ergonomics influence student interest in surgical fields.

Methods: An online survey was administered to medical students in North Carolina.

Characterization of Perinatal Risk Factors and Complications Associated With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis.

Background: Certain intrauterine risk factors are known to increase the risk of premature cranial suture fusion and may cause complications during birth. Some of these risk factors may be modifiable. Therefore, the authors sought to characterize the institutional patterns of prenatal risk factors and perinatal complications in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients compared to normal births from the surrounding area to identify areas for possible intervention or prevention.

Rare breast metastasis from adenoid cystic carcinoma of the submandibular gland.

Adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) are rare malignant neoplasms of exocrine glands, most commonly found in salivary glands. This report describes a 67-year-old woman with metastatic ACC to the breast, only the third reported case of its kind. The salivary gland ACC was first diagnosed 5 years prior.

Socioeconomic Factors, Perioperative Complications, and 30-Day Readmission Rates Associated With Delayed Cranial Vault Reconstruction for Craniosynostosis.

Background: Premature fusion of the cranial sutures can lead to significant neurocognitive, developmental, and esthetic consequences, especially if not corrected within the first year of life. This study aimed to identify the drivers of delayed cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) and its impact on complication and 30-day readmission rates among craniosynostosis patients.

Methods: The medical records of all children who underwent CVR for craniosynostosis between 2005 and 2017 at an academic institution were retrospectively reviewed.