Background: The built environment can influence human health, but the available evidence is modest and almost entirely from urban communities in high-income countries. Here we aimed to analyse built environment characteristics and their associations with obesity in urban and rural communities in 21 countries at different development levels participating in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study.
Methods: Photographs were acquired with a standardised approach.
: The purpose of this study was to analyze the major cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and their trends in the study population. : The results of subjects in the Polish Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study (PURE) study group were interpreted. CVR was calculated for each participant according to the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE2) scale or the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The association between the glycaemic index and the glycaemic load with type 2 diabetes incidence is controversial. We aimed to evaluate this association in an international cohort with diverse glycaemic index and glycaemic load diets.
Methods: The PURE study is a prospective cohort study of 127 594 adults aged 35-70 years from 20 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries.
The aim of this study is to present data on the use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in relation to calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) and an additionally defined target LDL-C concentration. The cohort consisted of 1287 participants in the Polish edition of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study (PURE). CVR was calculated for each participant using the SCORE2 or SCORE2-OP scale, and for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) according to the respective criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Almost 80% of global tobacco usage is concentrated in low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs) like India. Added to this, there is dearth of dedicated tobacco cessation specialist services in healthcare settings in these regions. Identification of challenges in the delivery of cessation interventions and understanding the experiences of tobacco users will aid in formulating successful quit strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the study was to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) identified in the group of Lower Silesia (Poland) inhabitants and the prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases, such as total cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), visceral obesity, and excessive body weight. This study involved 2023 subjects aged 35-70 years, from Wroclaw and surrounding villages. The assessment of food intake in the study group was assessed using the standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Despite some improvement in awareness and treatment of hypertension, blood pressure control is still below expectations in Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze the secular trend of hypertension prevalence in the PURE Poland cohort study over 9 years of observation and to analyze factors associated with controlled HT.
Methods: The study group consisted of 1,598 participants enrolled in a Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological Study (PURE), who participated both in baseline (2007-2010) and 9-year follow-up (2016-2019).
Introduction: Portable spirometers are commonly used in longitudinal epidemiological studies to measure and track the forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). During the course of the study, it may be necessary to replace spirometers with a different model. This raise questions regarding the comparability of measurements from different devices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of many non-infectious diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a leading cause of death in Europe. The aim of the study was to assess the inflammatory potential of the diets of participants enrolled in the Polish arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study, evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) score with the dietary content, and to determine the correlation of DII score with selected anthropometric parameters and biochemical risk factors for CVD. Diets were assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Higher intake of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated with increased risk of CVD and mortality in observational studies from Western countries but data from non-Western countries are limited.
Objectives: We aimed to assess the association between consumption of UPFs and risk of mortality and major CVD in a cohort from multiple world regions.
Design: This analysis includes 138,076 participants without a history of CVD between the ages of 35 and 70 y living on 5 continents, with a median follow-up of 10.
Int J Environ Res Public Health
January 2023
Medical personnel, working in medical intensive care units, are exposed to fatigue associated with alarms emitted by numerous medical devices used for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring patients. Alarm fatigue is a safety and quality problem in patient care and actions should be taken to reduce this by, among other measures, building an effective safety culture. In the present study, an adaptation of a questionnaire to assess alarm fatigue was carried out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the inflammatory potential of the diets of residents of Lower Silesia, based on the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. Diets were characterized according to DII terciles. The study group consisted of 1570 individuals enrolled in the Polish arm of the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUrbanization may influence physical activity (PA) levels, although little evidence is available for low- and middle- income countries where urbanization is occurring fastest. We evaluated associations between urbanization and total PA, as well as work-, leisure-, home-, and transport-specific PA, for 138,206 adults living in 698 communities across 22 countries within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The 1-week long-form International PA Questionnaire was administered at baseline (2003-2015).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Healthy Longev
January 2023
Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is an easily accessible surrogate marker of insulin resistance, an important pathway in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, the association of the TyG index with cardiovascular diseases and mortality has mainly been investigated in Asia, with few data available from other regions of the world. We assessed the association of insulin resistance (as determined by the TyG index) with mortality and cardiovascular diseases in individuals from five continents at different levels of economic development, living in urban or rural areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex condition encompassing a constellation of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Oxylipins are a superfamily of lipid mediators regulating many cardiometabolic functions. Plasma oxylipin signature could provide a new clinical tool to enhance the phenotyping of MetS pathophysiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
September 2022
Int J Environ Res Public Health
July 2022
Interpersonal communication plays a key role in the treatment process. It affects not only the patient's satisfaction with the course of treatment, but also allows the achievement of the best outcome in the therapeutic process. The process of patient empowerment and putting them in the role of a partner in the therapeutic process makes it possible to build a relationship based on trust, kindness and empathy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) Background: This study aims to examine changes in tobacco smoking prevalence in the PURE Poland cohort study over the 9-year follow-up period. Moreover, it attempts to identify socio-demographic factors that affect changes in attitudes towards tobacco smoking. (2) Methods: The PURE Poland cohort study-baseline was performed in 2007-2010 and covered 2036 participants, including urban (59.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe aim of the study was to estimate the content of K1, K2 (MK-n) as well as total K vitamins and their sources in the diets of 1985 PURE Poland study participants based on the FFQ questionnaire. Due to the pleiotropic effect of K vitamins, it is important to know their food sources depending on different eating habits. Total vitamin K in the diets amounted to 331.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: Excess adipose tissue increases other cardiovascular risk factors, which may be associated with vascular brain injury and cognitive impairment. However, the extent to which the amount and distribution of adipose tissue may be associated with lower cognitive scores, independent of its association with cardiovascular risk factors, is not well characterized.
Objective: To investigate the association of adiposity on vascular brain injury and cognitive scores.
Background: Separate studies suggest that the risks from smoking might vary between high-income (HICs), middle-income (MICs), and low-income (LICs) countries, but this has not yet been systematically examined within a single study using standardised approaches. We examined the variations in risks from smoking across different country income groups and some of their potential reasons.
Methods: We analysed data from 134 909 participants from 21 countries followed up for a median of 11·3 years in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study; 9711 participants with myocardial infarction and 11 362 controls from 52 countries in the INTERHEART case-control study; and 11 580 participants with stroke and 11 331 controls from 32 countries in the INTERSTROKE case-control study.
This study aimed to evaluate the role of risk factors included in the Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (CHD) in the development of type 2 diabetes (DM) in patients with impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) after a 9-year follow-up. The research was part of the Polish insight into the international Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The cohort consisted of 283 subjects aged 54.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
December 2021
(1) Background: The objective was to investigate the association between sleep duration, bedtime, and noncommunicable diseases in the PURE Poland cohort study. (2) Methods: The baseline study was conducted in 2007-2010. The study group comprised 2023 adult inhabitants of urban and rural areas in Lower Silesia, Poland.
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