The role of freeze-thaw action in dam reservoir cliff degradation assessed by terrestrial laser scanning: A case study of Jeziorsko Reservoir (central Poland).

Cliff recession is a combined result of wave action in the shore zone and geomorphological processes in the transformed cliff. As several processes usually take place simultaneously or consecutively, so distinguishing between the impact of each one of them individually on cliff erosion is impossible. Jeziorsko Reservoir is characterized by large fluctuations of water level in the annual cycle (several metres), hence in winter, when the water level in the reservoir is the lowest, the exposed cliff is not directly influenced by wave erosion.

Fungal diversity and seasonal succession in ash leaves infected by the invasive ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus.

High biodiversity is regarded as a barrier against biological invasions. We hypothesized that the invasion success of the pathogenic ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus threatening common ash in Europe relates to differences in dispersal and colonization success between the invader and the diverse native competitors. Ash leaf mycobiome was monitored by high-throughput sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and quantitative PCR profiling of H.