Analysis of organic compounds using an in situ plated lead film electrode.

For many years mercury electrodes were commonly used in stripping voltammetry for determination of organic compounds, owing to their high sensitivity, reproducibility and renewability. However, because of the toxicity of mercury, alternative (less toxic) electrode materials are searched. The review describes recent results regarding adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace concentration of biologically active organic substances using an in situ plated lead film electrode (LFE).

Voltammetric method for the determination of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations.

A highly sensitive and simple voltammetric method for the determination of sildenafil citrate (SC) was developed. The method is based on the accumulation by adsorption of SC on a lead film modified glassy carbon electrode (LF/GCE) and then the reduction of SC throughout the stripping step. During the determinations of SC at the lead film electrode three adsorptive stripping voltammetric peaks at -1.

Sensitive voltammetric determination of rutin at an in situ plated lead film electrode.

A highly sensitive sensor for the determination of rutin by adsorptive stripping voltammetry was described. It consists of a lead film modified glassy carbon electrode (LF/GCE). In the proposed procedure rutin was accumulated by adsorption on the lead film electrode and then during the stripping step a lead film and the accumulated rutin were oxidised.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace concentrations of molybdenum at an in situ plated lead film electrode.

An in situ plated lead film electrode has been applied for adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of trace concentrations of molybdenum in the presence of Alizarin S. The procedure is based on the preconcentration of the molybdenum-Alizarin S complex at an in situ plated lead film electrode held at -0.6 V (versus Ag/AgCl), followed by a negatively sweeping square wave voltammetric scan.

Application of an in situ plated lead film electrode to the analysis of testosterone by adsorptive stripping voltammetry.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry is a very sensitive and selective method for determination of drugs and organic substances in biological fluids. We have shown that determination of testosterone by adsorptive stripping voltammetry is possible using a lead film electrode. The lead film plating process and accumulation of testosterone were performed simultaneously from an acetate buffer solution of pH = 5.

Application of lead film electrode for simultaneous adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of Ni(II) and Co(II) as their nioxime complexes.

An adsorptive stripping voltammetric (AdSV) procedure for simultaneous determination of Ni(II) and Co(II) in the presence of nioxime as a complexing agent at an in situ plated lead film electrode was described. The Co(II) signal was enhanced by exploitation of the catalytic process in the presence of nitrite. Ni(II) and Co(II) signals are better separated than in the case of bismuth film electrodes.

Determination of uranium by adsorptive stripping voltammetry at a lead film electrode.

An adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure for the determination of U(VI) at an in situ plated lead film electrode is described. The U(VI) complex with cupferron was accumulated from an acetate buffer solution of pH 4.2 at the potential -0.

Application of gallium film electrode for elimination of copper interference in anodic stripping voltammetry of zinc.

For elimination of copper interference in anodic stripping determinations of zinc at mercury and bismuth film electrodes gallium ions are usually added to the supporting electrolyte. In the presented studies novel ex situ formed gallium film electrode was applied for this purpose. The proposed electrode is less toxic than mercury one while the detection limit for zinc was lower than for bismuth film electrode following the same deposition time.

Extraction and determination of hexavalent chromium in soil samples.

A procedure for the extraction of Cr(VI) from solid soil-like samples was presented in which the complexing properties of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) were exploited to extract insoluble compounds of Cr(VI). A concentration of DTPA in an ammonium sulphate/ammonium hydroxide buffer equal to 0.02 mol l(-1) was chosen.