Comparison of Cortisol Levels in the Hair of Male European Roe Deer at the Beginning and End of the Stalking Hunting Season.

Roe deer (), as a representative of the Cervidae family, are particularly sensitive to negative environmental stimuli due to their need to maintain increased vigilance during feeding. Intensive hunting seasons are undoubtedly also a stressful factor for this species. The aim of this study was to analyze the cortisol levels in the hair of male roe deer collected at the beginning and the end of the hunting season in eastern Poland.

The Levels of Cortisol and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Red Deer Harvested during Stalking Hunts.

As a reactive species, the red deer is sensitive to both negative exogenous and endogenous stimuli. An intensive hunting period may have a particularly negative impact on game animals. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma cortisol level and biochemical parameters in 25 wild red deer () harvested during stalking hunts in correlation with the sex and age of the animals.

Physiological response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during stalking hunts depending on age.

Background: The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is a species particularly reactive to all kinds of negative stimuli. Hunting activity is one of the most potent stressors that disturbs the welfare of wild animals. During stress, various endocrine responses are elicited to improve the physical performance of the affected individual.

Concentration of Potentially Toxic Elements in Farmed Fallow Deer Antlers Depending on Diet and Age.

Deer antlers, usually harvested annually on a farm, are an accessible material used to determine the exposition to potentially toxic elements, PTEs, during growth. Moreover, the study of antlers from animals of different ages allows the assessment of long-term exposition to these elements. The aim of the study was to analyze the concentration of eight potentially toxic elements (Cd, Pb, As, Ba, Ni, Sr, La, Ce) in individual positions of the antlers (first, second, and third position, corresponding to the stages of development and life of these animals) and in the food that the animals consumed during the growth of individual antler fragments, depending on the age of the farmed fallow deer ().

The screening method for use of wild pheasant feathers in the monitoring of environmental pollution with heavy metals.

It has been shown that some species of birds, especially herbivorous and territorial ones, are more sensitive to the effects of toxic substances compared to mammals. This allows for taking integrated actions in the area of environmental protection and monitoring in a holistic sense (at various trophic levels). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the possibility of using pheasant feathers (Phasianus colchicus) as a potential bioindicator ofenvironmental contamination, and thus to determine the concentration of heavy metals (lead-Pb, arsenic-As, cadmium-Cd, chromium-Cr, nickel-Ni, and zinc-Zn) in the analyzed tissue of animals inhabiting the forest districts of the Lubartów, Tomaszów, Skierniewice, and Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski areas.

Concentration of Macroelements and Trace Elements in Farmed Fallow Deer Antlers Depending on Age.

The mineral content of the antlers reflects the nutritional status and specific stage of bone growth in cervid males. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo in three characteristic antler positions selected based on the observation of fights between males. These were compared between farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) of different ages.

The Mineral Composition of Bone Marrow, Plasma, Bones and the First Antlers of Farmed Fallow Deer.

An adequate supply of essential nutrients is particularly important during the skeletal growth and development of young deer, especially in males, who build new antlers each year. The aim of the research was to analyze the levels of 21 mineral elements (including the bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the bone marrow, plasma, bones, and first antlers of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Content and Solubility of Collagen and Their Relation to Proximate Composition and Shear Force of Meat from Different Anatomical Location in Carcass of European Beaver ().

The content and solubility of collagen in the muscle tissue and cooked meat from three anatomical locations (loin, hind leg and shoulder) in carcasses of adult male European beavers and relationships of collagen fractions with proximate composition and shear force were studied. Shoulder muscle tissue contained the highest amount of intramuscular fat, collagen/protein ratio, total and insoluble collagen, and the lowest percentage of soluble collagen. The cooked meat from hind leg contained the lowest amount of total, soluble and insoluble collagen.

Composition of Fatty Acids in Bone Marrow of Red Deer from Various Ecosystems and Different Categories.

In this study, the influence of the living conditions of red deer (Cervus elaphus) fawns (wild vs. farmed) and effect of the category of free-living animals (fawns vs. does) on the fatty acid (FA) profile of the leg bone marrow was assessed.

Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Bone Marrow in Farmed Fallow Deer () Depending on Diet.

There are few studies on the composition of fatty acids and how they change the bone marrow fat of young animals depending on nutrition. Therefore, the proximate and fatty acid composition of metatarsal bone marrow from fawns of farm fallow deer after a summer of grazing and the winter feeding was compared. Due to the size and nature of the data, parametric or nonparametric tests were used.

Comparison of the accumulation of macro- and microelements in the bone marrow and bone of wild and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus).

Background: The cells of the entire body, including the skeletal system, especially of young animals, may derive from the bone marrow in which they multiply. Therefore, it is important to assess whether the diet and quality of life of deer have a significant impact on the elemental composition of bone and bone marrow, which can directly affect their health and growth. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of macro- (Ca, calcium, P, phosphorus, Mg, magnesium, K, potassium, Na, sodium) and microelements (Li, lithium, Cr, chromium, Mn, manganese, Co, cobalt, Cu, copper, Zn, zinc, Se, selenium, Mo, molybdenum, and Sn, tin) accumulated in the bone marrow and bones of deer (Cervus elaphus).

Accumulation of Toxic Elements in Bone and Bone Marrow of Deer Living in Various Ecosystems. A Case Study of Farmed and Wild-Living Deer.

The aim of the study was to determine the concentrations of toxic elements accumulated in the bone marrow and bones (). The studies were carried out on two groups of young stags: farmed ( = 6) and wild ( = 9). Their body weights were measured and bone and bone marrow samples were collected.

Fatty acid composition, cholesterol content and lipid oxidation indices of intramuscular fat from skeletal muscles of beaver (Castor fiber L.).

The lipid characteristics of the intramuscular fat (IMF) from skeletal muscles of different beaver carcass parts (the loin, hind leg and shoulder) were characterised in detail for the first time. The shoulder muscles had higher (P < 0.05) proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the loin muscles, which had higher percentages of saturated fatty acids (SFA), odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) and sum of conjugated linoleic acids (ΣCLA).

Impact of environmental diversity of hunting complexes in the Lublin region on ontogenetic quality indicators in roe deer ().

Populations of game are not confined to single ecosystems but function within higher-order units, e.g. ecological landscape.

Proximate composition and physicochemical properties of European beaver (Castor fiber L.) meat.

The proximate composition of meat from young and mature European beaver and physicochemical properties during storage were investigated. The young beaver meat contains 20.52g of protein and 1.