The Influence of Temperature and Nitrogen Source on Cellulolytic Potential of Microbiota Isolated from Natural Environment.

Bacteria from the genus are a rich source of commercial enzymes, including amylases, proteases, cellulases, glucose isomerase, and pullulanase. Cellulases account for 15% of the global market of industrial enzymes; thus, new microorganisms producing cellulases in a higher concentration and new ingredients, which can enhance the level of enzyme synthesis, are still needed. Many of cellulose-degrading microorganisms have been isolated so far and characterized in various regions of the world.

Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine potentiates sulforaphane-induced cell death of BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cells.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, which has been shown to exert an anti-cancer effect when tested in vitro and in vivo. The anti-cancer effects of SFN encompass induction of cytoprotective autophagy; therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether the chemopreventive activity of SFN may be potentiated by inhibition of autophagy. The present study provided detailed insight into the susceptibility of human neuroblastoma cells to treatment with synthetic SFN, in combination with an inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine (3-MA).

[Mechanisms of urinary tract sterility maintenance].

Physiologically, urine and the urinary tract are maintained sterile because of physical and chemical properties of urine and the innate immune system's action. The urinary tract is constantly exposed to the invasion of microorganisms from the exterior environment, also because of the anatomical placement of the urethra, in the vicinity of the rectum. Particularly vulnerable to urinary tract infections (UTI) are women (an additional risk factor is pregnancy), but also the elderly and children.