Genetic Composition of Polish Hucul Mare Families: mtDNA Diversity.

The Hucul horse breed formed in the region of the Eastern Carpathians, likely through the natural crossbreeding of oriental horses. After World War II, their population significantly decreased, leading to the breeding being based on only 14 female lines, whose founders often had unknown origins. To preserve the breed's unique characteristics, it is now part of a Genetic Resources Conservation Program, which prioritizes the maintenance of genetic diversity.

The Role of Sound in Livestock Farming-Selected Aspects.

To ensure the optimal living conditions of farm animals, it is essential to understand how their senses work and the way in which they perceive their environment. Most animals have a different hearing range compared to humans; thus, some aversive sounds may go unnoticed by caretakers. The auditory pathways may act through the nervous system on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems.

Bactericidal Activity of Graphene Oxide Tests for Selected Microorganisms.

The aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal potential of graphene oxide (GO) in contact with four species of bacteria: , , and . Bacterial cell suspensions of each species were incubated in a medium containing GO, with incubation times of 5, 10, 30 and 60 min, at final concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 μg/mL. The cytotoxicity of GO was evaluated using live/dead staining.

Removing Fractured Endodontic Files with a Tube Technique-The Strength of the Glued Joint: Tube-Endodontic File Setup.

One recommended technique for removing broken root canal instruments is to glue the fragment into a cannula adapted to it (i.e., the tube technique).

Root and canal morphology of the maxillary second premolars as indicated by cone beam computed tomography.

The aim was to evaluate the morphology of maxillary second premolars. The root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci and a new system by Ahmed et al. based on CBCT images.

Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first premolars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning (CBCT) and to compare the classifications by Vertucci and Ahmed et al. Images of 350 maxillary first premolars were analyzed. Scans were obtained from 226 patients: 131 women and 95 men.

The morphology of maxillary first and second molars analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography in a polish population.

Background: The success of endodontic treatment is greatly affected by the location of the root canals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root and canal morphology of permanent maxillary first and second molars in a Polish population using cone-beam computed tomography scanning.

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first and second molars the maxilla were examined.

Evaluation of the Sealing Ability of Three Obturation Techniques Using a Glucose Leakage Test.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of three different canal filling techniques. Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were prepared using ProTaper® rotary instruments. The specimens were then randomly divided into 3 experimental groups ( = 16) and 2 control groups ( = 8).