The translation into Polish, cultural adaptation, and initial validation of the Action Research Arm Test in subacute stroke patients.

Background: In Poland, there are limited validated outcome measures to evaluate upper extremity function in stroke patients for clinical and research use. The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) aims to assess functional performance of the upper extremities.

Objectives: To translate and culturally adapt the original version of ARAT into Polish, and to determine its reliability and validity.

Polish Cultural Adaptation and Reliability of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance and Sensory Assessment Scale in Stroke Patients.

: The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Performance and Sensory Assessment Scale (FMA) is the most commonly used and recommended outcome measure for the sensorimotor impairment of the upper and lower limbs in stroke patients. The aim of this study was to perform cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the scale into Polish and to evaluate the FMA's reliability of motor performance and sensation of the upper and lower limb sections among ischemic stroke patients. : The Polish version of the FMA (FMA-PL) was developed using a forward-backward translation performed by a group of experts and then evaluated by a panel of judges according to international guidelines.

Leptin Does Not Influence TSH Levels in Obese Short Children.

Introduction: Growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormones are important for children growing. In some obese children a slightly elevated TSH concentration is observed. This may be an adaptive mechanism: stimulation of pro-TRH biosynthesis in the hypothalamus in response to elevated leptin.

Assessment of myofascial stiffness of flexor digitorum superficialis muscles in rock climbers.

Purpose: Myofascial stiffness is the biomechanical property that can be considered as a modifiable risk factor injury of athletes. Moreover, the level of muscle stiffness can be crucial to assessment muscle adaptation to exercise. However, stiffness of flexor muscles in rock climbers has never been investigated.

Transient Hyperthyrotropinemia in Outpatient Children with Acute Infections of the Respiratory System.

Background: Diagnostics of thyroid disorders (TD) are frequently based on the measurements of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration only. If TSH is outside the reference range, the diagnostic procedure used in patients with TD isintroduced. Observations indicate that in a considerable number of these patients, TD is not confirmed.

Strong Positive Correlation between TSH and Ghrelin in Euthyroid Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Short Stature.

The growth processes in children depend on the proper functioning of some hormones and growth factors. Recently, a positive correlation between ghrelin and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism was proved. Moreover, in hypothyroid rats with high ghrelin concentration, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion was suppressed.

Perceived Benefits for Mental and Physical Health and Barriers to Horseback Riding Participation. The Analysis among Professional and Amateur Athletes.

The aim of this study was to investigate perceived benefits for mental and physical health and barriers to horseback riding participation among professional and amateur athletes by gender. The empirical study of 2651 professional and amateur horseback riders was conducted during the last edition of Cavaliada competitions (held in Poznan in December 2019)-one of the biggest and most important horseback riding events in Europe. A diagnostic survey method was used in the study.

Annual Observation of Changes in the Angle of Trunk Rotation. Trunk Asymmetry Predictors. A Study from a Scoliosis Screening in School Adolescents.

Adolescent forms of idiopathic scoliosis are commonly encountered deformities of the thoracic and lumbar spine. They affect a significant number of adolescents, yet their cause is still unknown. The presented research is a cross-sectional analysis of 3933 volunteers (2131 girls and 1802 boys).

The Impact of Modern Ultramarathons on Shaping the Social Identity of Runners. The Case Study of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon.

Despite the growing interest in extreme sports around the world, researchers have rarely investigated the complex factors that have led to a developed commitment to extreme sports in recent years. Precisely, the social identity of ultramarathoners remains a research niche. The aim of the article is to analyze the impact of a sports event on shaping social identity of ultramarathon runners on the example of Karkonosze Winter Ultramarathon (held in Poland).

The Potential of Non-Mega Sporting Events for the Promotion of Physical Activity Among Inactive Supporters at the Poznan Half Marathon: A Case Study.

The impact of sports events on the promotion of physical activity, healthy lifestyles and sports participation is debatable, and most of the literature is on mega-events. This begs the question if more evidence of this type of impact can be found for non-mega events. Research on sports legacy often refers to the tangible effects such as infrastructure that is left after the competition.

The Angle of Trunk Rotation in School Children: A Study from an Idiopathic Scoliosis Screening. Prevalence and Optimal Age Screening Value.

(1) Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is a deformity of the growing spine. It affects 2-3% of adolescents; yet its cause is still unknown. At the early stage of idiopathic scoliosis (IS), the signs are not very noticeable.

An assessment of the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant women--analysis in one of reference gynaecological-obstetric centres in Poland.

Introduction: Iodine deficiency in pregnant women, even of a mild degree, may have adverse effects on both the mother and the foetus. Despite the obligatory model of functioning iodine prophylaxis in Poland, the iodine supply in women during pregnancy and physiological lactation is insufficient. Therefore, those groups should take additional iodine supplementation at a dose of 150-200 μg/day.