Clonogenic survival of human keratinocytes and rodent fibroblasts after irradiation with 25 kV x-rays.

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Induction of micronuclei in human fibroblasts and keratinocytes by 25 kV x-rays.

A relative biological effectiveness (RBE) not much larger than unity is usually assumed for soft x-rays (up to approximately 50 keV) that are applied in diagnostic radiology such as mammography, in conventional radiotherapy and in novel radiotherapy approaches such as x-ray phototherapy. On the other hand, there have been recent claims of an RBE of more than 3 for mammography and respective conventional x-rays. Detailed data on the RBE of soft x-rays, however, are scarce.