Melatonin and its bioisosteres as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

We conducted a study on the impact of intraperitoneal injections of melatonin and its three bioisosteres (compounds 1-3) on the development of oxygen-induced retinopathy in newborn rats during a 21-day experiment. It was demonstrated that melatonin and its analogues 1-3 effectively reduce the total protein concentration in the vitreous body of rat pups, decrease concentration of VEGF-A, and lower the level of oxidative stress (as indicated by normalization of antioxidant activity in the vitreous body). Melatonin and its analogues 1-3 equally normalize the level of VEGF-A.

[The role of endothelin-1 in the pathogenesis of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy].

Unlabelled: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by pathological retinal vascularization with a progressive and variable course. The mechanisms of disease progression remain unclear. One substance that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of retinal vascular diseases is endothelin (ET).

[Angioarchitecture of small retinoblastomas: the role of optical coherence tomography angiography].

Unlabelled: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive diagnostic method used in children and adults. Features of angioarchitecture of small retinoblastoma are not sufficiently covered.

Purpose: The study investigated the angioarchitecture of small retinoblastomas using OCTA.

Enalaprilat as a new means of preventing the development of retinopathy of prematurity.

In a rat model of experimental retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the safety of enalaprilat and its effect on the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin-II (AT-II) in the vitreous body and retina were investigated. The study was performed on 136 newborn Wistar rat pups divided into 2 groups: group A - experimental (animals with ROP, n=64) and group B - control (n=72). Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups: A0 and B0 (n=32 and n=36, respectively) - animals that did not receive injections of enalaprilat, and A1 and B1 (n=32 and n=36, respectively) - animals treated with daily intraperitoneal (i.

[Changes of a₂-macroglobulin activity and endothelin-1 concentration in tears of rabbits after transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells].

Retinal diseases accompanied with the dysfunction or death of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are widespread, hard to treat, and appear to be a leading case of visual loss and blindness among the persons older than 55 years. Transplantation of RPE cells derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC-RPE) is a promising method of therapy for these diseases. To ensure the transplant survival instant follow-up is required.

Experimental stem cell replacement transplantation in retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate the results of the modified surgical technique for transplantation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-RPE) in the form of a cell suspension into the subretinal space of rabbits with previously induced RPE atrophy.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted on 10 New Zealand albino rabbits (20 eyes). One month after modeling RPE atrophy and retinal degeneration, rabbits were subjected to subretinal transplantation of iPSC-RPE cells in the form of a cell suspension.

Prognostic Value Estimation of Monoamines Systemic Level in Retinopathy of Prematurity in Experiment.

Unlabelled: was to study a systemic level of L-DOPA, dopamine, and norepinephrine, and assess their prognostic value in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) development on an experimental disease model.

Materials And Methods: The investigation was carried out on infant Wistar rats (n=36) divided into a study group (rat infants with experimental ROP, n=17) and a control group (n=19). The animals of both groups were sacrificed on days 14, 21-23, and on days 28-30.

[The role of CXC and CC chemokines in patients with uveal melanoma].

Unlabelled: Uveal melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with high metastatic potential; its pathogenesis is currently being studied. Chemokines play a key role not only in the inflammatory response, but also in enhancing angiogenesis, tumor invasiveness, increasing proliferative potential and metastasis.

Purpose: To study the role of chemokines of classes CXC and CC in blood serum and tear fluid of patients with uveal melanoma.

Electroretinographic signs of retinal remodeling after experimental induction of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.

Unlabelled: Various animal models of atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are created in order to study certain aspects of geographical atrophy in humans. To study the effects of new methods of therapy, it is necessary to determine the objective functional markers of structural changes in the retina.

Purpose: To determine the alterations in activity of the retina that characterize its remodeling in induction of RPE atrophy.

[Pathogenetically oriented approach to prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (experimental study)].

Unlabelled: Intraperitoneal injections of exogenous melatonin during the development of the retinal vascular system in experimental rats has been shown in a number of experimental studies on the model of EROP to prevent the appearance of histological signs of the development of experimental retinopathy of prematurity (EROP), stabilize the blood-retinal barrier and have a pronounced antioxidant effect, but pathogenetic basis for these phenomena hasn't been studied.

Purpose: To study the influence mechanism of melatonin and its analogues on the development of EROP at the preclinical stage of the pathological process to substantiate new approaches to prevention of ROP.

Material And Methods: The study included 42 Wistar rat pups (84 eyes) divided into 6 groups: control group, experimental group (rat pups with EROP), experimental groups who underwent injections of melatonin and its analogues K-148, AL-3, K-096.

[Long-term functional outcomes after congenital cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in children of the first year of life].

Purpose: To study best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and identify its relationship with various factors in eyes with pseudophakia in long-term periods after removal of congenital cataract (CC) in the first year of life.

Material And Methods: The study included 54 children (72 eyes) aged 4 to 12 years who had undergone CC removal with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at the age of 2-11 months. Examination included: visual acuity testing, Flicker ERG 30 Hz electroretinography (MBN, Russia), optical coherence tomography (HRT-OCT) on the Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany) platform.

[Results of long-term observation of extremely premature babies with retinopathy].

Purpose: To study the long-term clinical and functional outcomes of retinopathy in extremely premature infants.

Material And Methods: The study included 42 patients (84 eyes) with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at the age of 9-18 years. All patients underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including morphometric (OCT), functional (ERG) and psycho-physical (computer perimetry) methods.

Analysis of genotype-phenotype correlations in -associated aniridia.

BackgroundAniridia is a severe autosomal dominant panocular disorder associated with pathogenic sequence variants of the gene or 11p13 chromosomal aberrations encompassing the coding and/or regulatory regions of the gene in a heterozygous state. Patients with aniridia display several ocular anomalies including foveal hypoplasia, cataract, keratopathy, and glaucoma, which can vary in severity and combination.MethodsA cohort of 155 patients from 125 unrelated families with identified point pathogenic variants (118 patients) or large chromosomal 11p13 deletions (37 patients) was analyzed.

[Viral and non-viral infections in the etiopathogenesis of uveitis].

The article reviews literature and proprietary data on the role of pathogens in the etiology of infectious and non-infectious uveitis. Infectious uveitis is caused by active intraocular replication of the virus (herpesvirus, acute stage of enterovirus), or by long-term persistence of the viruses in eye tissues (Fuchs syndrome associated with rubella virus, late complications of enterovirus uveitis). Clinical picture, severity, outcomes of infectious uveitis depend on the pathogen, adequacy of the immune response and genetic characteristics of the patient.

The Role of Catecholamines in the Development of Pathological Retina Neovascularization in an Experimental Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rats.

This work is dedicated to proving our hypothesis that catecholamines and their metabolites play a crucial role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity, which leads to progressive uncontrollable vascularization in the retina, leading to blindness. The study was performed in an animal model of retinopathy of prematurity, which was achieved by hyperoxygenation in rats on postnatal days 7, 14, 21, and 30. The content of catecholamines and their metabolites in the retina of rats was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.

[Refraction in pseudophakic eyes after surgical treatment of congenital cataracts].

Unlabelled: The optimal method of correcting aphakia in infants with congenital cataract (CC) is intraocular correction. Considering the growth of the eyes, most authors implant an IOL with lower dioptric power to try to anticipate the refractive indices after the growth, which in some cases do not match the prediction.

Purpose: To evaluate the achieved refraction and its relation to the anterior-posterior axis of pseudophakic eyes after extraction of CC in children of up to one year of age.

Biochemical and Functional Changes in the Eye As a Manifestation of Systemic Degeneration of the Nervous System in Parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a systemic neurodegenerative condition caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal system of the brain. This disease is diagnosed after most neurons have already been lost, which explains the low efficiency of treatment. Hope for increasing treatment efficiency rests in the development of new strategies for early diagnosis of PD based on a search for peripheral markers that appear as early changes in non-motor functions.

[Specific immunoglobulins G and M in blood serum in retinoblastoma and 'pseudoretinoblastoma'].

Unlabelled: Perinatal inflammatory retinal diseases and intrauterine retinal maldevelopments are mistaken for retinoblastoma as often as in 8-16% of cases.

Aim: To analyze the infectious status in children with retinoblastoma and pseudoretinoblastoma at different ages.

Material And Methods: A total of 47 retinoblastoma suspects aged 4-69 months were enrolled.

[Melatonin as a new promising agent for the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity].

Aim: To evaluate the effect of exogenous melatonin on the blood-retinal barrier and oxidative status of the vitreous in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and analyze its prospects in the treatment and prevention of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Material And Methods: The study was performed on 48 Wistar rat pups (96 eyes) divided into 4 groups 12 animals each: OIR group, melatonin group and two control groups. In order to induce retinopathy, rat pups and does were placed in an incubator for 14 days after birth.

[Modern perspective on the problem of retinopathy of prematurity].

The article contains an analysis of the current state of the problem of retinopathy of prematurity (RP). Advances of international and Russian ophthalmology in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical presentation of both active and regressive RP, results of multicentre studies on RP treatment and prognosis were taken into consideration. There is a tendency towards a considerable change in the range of survived premature newborns and a growing need for development of new treatment approaches on the basis of pathogenetic studies.

[Depth of retinal vessels and electroretinogram changes in stage 3 and 4 cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity].

The article presents the results of a study on retinal vessels in stage 3 and 4 cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by means of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT). The study comprised 29 children (40 eyes) aged from 6 month to 12 years with stage 3 and 4 cicatricial ROP, of which 17 children (21 eyes) under 6 and 12 children (19 eyes) over 6 years of age. SD OCT was used to approach the depth of retinal vessels and the caliber of the first-order vessels.

[Clinical course and results of treatment of zone I retinopathy of prematurity].

23 infants (46 eyes) with zone I retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were examined. Zone I ROP is characterized with distinctive clinical presentation, course, prognosis and treatment results. Coagulation of retina in active I zone ROP showed efficacy in 70%: in posterior ROP - 56,3%, in anterior ROP - 79%.

[Congenital corneal staphylomas in children].

Clinical manifestation, results and outcomes of surgical treatment were studied in children with very rare anomaly of cornea and anterior segment. Symptoms and signs, histological findings are described in details, results of ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and maternal ophthalmotrophic infections are studied in children with corneal staphylomas.

[Macula structure and function in retinopathy of prematurity].

Macula structure and function were studied in 64 patients with retinopathy of prematurity (RP) stage I-III aged 8-17 years old using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinography. Absence of foveolar depression associated with preservation of fovea layers and normal electroretinography indices were showed to be the evidence of differentiation damage and macula underdevelopment due to immaturity and to have no effect on visual acuity. Preserved or pathologic foveolar depression associated with abnormal OCT findings and central retina electrogenesis damage indicate dysfunction and morphological changes of macula due to not macula underdevelopment because of immaturity only but RP either that can lead to depression, visual function.

[Polymorphism Gly460Trp of alpha-adducin gene and predisposition to essential hypertension. The role of gene-environment interactions in the development of the disease in Russian population].

In this study we for the first time in Russian population elucidated association between G460W polymorphism of -adducin gene (ADD1) and risk of development of hypertensive disease (HD). DNA samples from 205 patients with HD and 207 healthy nonrelated individuals of Russian nationality were genotyped for G460W polymorphism of ADD1 gene by polymerase chain reaction and restriction analysis. We detected no statistically significant differences between groups of healthy people and patients with HD.