Hydrothermal conversion of biomass for co-production of carbon quantum dots and biofuels.

Agro-processing industries generate a substantial quantity of biomass wastes. Conversion of these wastes into valuable material could be profitable considering both environmental and economic aspects. Among various biomass conversion methods, hydrothermal conversion can be used for co-production of biofuel and other valuable materials like carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and activated carbons.

Evaluation of peroxide release during nonvital bleaching using three different coronal barriers: An study.

Background: Peroxide from bleaching agents can cause external cervical resorption. An intracoronal barrier is used to prevent leakage of bleaching agents into the periradicular space.

Aim: This study aims to determine and compare the amount of peroxide released, during non vital bleaching at the end of 1 and 3 day using Glass ionomer cement (GIC), Mineral Trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA) and Biodentine as intracoronal barriers.

Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with three roots and six root canals.

Variations in the root canal anatomy of a maxillary first molar are often challenging to diagnose and treat; thus, clinicians must have a thorough knowledge of the same. This case report highlights the successful nonsurgical endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with an unusual morphology of three roots and six root canals. A total of six root canals (mesiobuccal [MB] 1, MB2, MB3, distobuccal [DB] 1, DB2, and palatal) were detected after initiating root canal therapy and access cavity preparation.

Comparative evaluation of calcium ion release, pH change, and dentinal tubule penetration of four different formulations of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments - An study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the release of calcium ion, pH change, and dentinal penetration depth of four different formulations of calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicaments.

Materials And Methods: Eighty mandibular single-rooted premolar teeth were divided into four groups ( = 20): Group 1 - calcium hydroxide (CH) + distilled water (DW), Group 2 - nanocalcium hydroxide + DW, Group 3 - calcium hydroxide + chitosan, and Group 4 - calcium hydroxide + 2% chlorhexidine gluconate. Biomechanical preparation was done till the F2 rotary ProTaper system and intracanal medicaments were placed.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Different Chelating Agents on Mineral Content and Erosion of Radicular Dentine: A FESEM-EDS Analysis.

Objective: Irrigating solutions play an important role in the debridement and disinfection of the root canal space, and thus, it is crucial to comprehend their effects on the composition and surface structure of radicular dentine. This study evaluated and compared the effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 9% 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) and 0.2% chitosan on the mineral content and erosion of radicular dentine when used as a final rinse.

Non-fuel applications of bio-oil for sustainability in management of bioresources.

Biomass valorization by thermochemical conversion method is a promising and intriguing pathway due to the flexibility of utilizing a diverse group of biomass and biowastes, specific product delivery mechanism through manipulation of process parameters, and wide applicability of the products. Pyrolysis has been viewed as an effective valorization technique to transform biowastes into pyrolytic oil, solid char, and syngas. Syngas is generally fed to the pyrolysis process to generate heat necessary for the pyrolysis process to sustain.

Sustainable environmental practices of tea waste-a comprehensive review.

Tea, the major beverage worldwide, is one of the oldest commercial commodities traded from ancient times. Apart from many of its advantages, including health, socio-economic, climatic, and agro-ecological values, FAO has recognized that the tea value chain covering its growth in the field, processing and marketing, and finally, the hot cup at the user's hand needs to be made sustainable during all these stages. Tea generates a lot of waste in different forms in different stages of its growth and processing, and these wastes, if not managed properly, may cause environmental pollution.

Replantation of an Avulsed Tooth: A Case Report.

Avulsion is a rare and serious traumatic dental injury that needs immediate and complex management. This case report highlights the successful management of an avulsed maxillary central incisor by replantation after a lapse of 120 minutes of being in an extra-oral environment and preserved in milk. A female patient aged 17 years presented with a traumatic dental injury sustained to the anterior maxillary region due to an accidental fall.

Comparative Evaluation of Colour Stability and Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Composite Resins in Mouth Rinse and Colouring Beverages.

Objectives An ideal restorative material should be capable of supplanting the biological, functional, and aesthetic qualities of a healthy tooth structure. There has always been a search for optimal and aesthetically pleasing restorative materials. This study aims to evaluate the surface roughness and colour stability of three nanohybrid composite resins post-exposure to mouth rinse and colouring beverages.

Influence of 2% chlorhexidine on the dislodgement resistance of AH plus, bioroot RCS, and GuttaFlow 2 sealer to dentin and sealer-dentin interface.

Aim: To find out the effects of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel intracanal medicament on the dislodgement resistance of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, and GuttaFlow 2 Sealer to dentin and on sealer-dentin interface.

Materials And Methods: Sixty single-rooted maxillary canine were taken and divided into two groups based on the treatment: Group 1 - control group (no medicament) ( = 30) and Group 2 - (GLUCO-CHeX 2% Gel) ( = 30). Further, the groups were divided according to the sealer used, namely (A) AH Plus sealer, (B) BioRoot RCS Sealer, and (c) Gutta Flow 2 sealer.

Effects of radiation therapy on the dislocation resistance of root canal sealers applied to dentin and the sealer-dentin interface: a pilot study.

Objectives: This study evaluated and compared the effects of radiation therapy on the dislocation resistance of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS applied to dentin and the sealer-dentin interface.

Materials And Methods: Thirty single-rooted teeth were randomly assigned to 2 groups ( = 15 each): AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey) and BioRoot RCS (Septodont). Each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups.

Attitudes of food consumers at universities towards recycling human urine as crop fertiliser: A multinational survey dataset.

We present here a data set generated from a multinational survey on opinions of university community members on the prospect of consuming food grown with human urine as fertiliser and about their urine recycling perceptions in general. The data set comprises answers from 3,763 university community members (students, faculty/researchers, and staff) from 20 universities in 16 countries and includes demographic variables (age bracket, gender, type of settlement of origin, academic discipline, and role in the university). Questions were designed based on Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour to elicit information about three components of behavioural intention-attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.

Willingness among food consumers to recycle human urine as crop fertiliser: Evidence from a multinational survey.

Source-separating sanitation systems offer the possibility of recycling nutrients present in wastewater as crop fertilisers. Thereby, they can reduce agriculture's impacts on global sources, sinks, and cycles for nitrogen and phosphorous, as well as their associated environmental costs. However, it has been broadly assumed that people would be reluctant to perform the new sanitation behaviours that are necessary for implementing such systems in practice.

Adsorption of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B by using biochar derived from Pongamia glabra seed cover.

Biochar obtained through the pyrolysis of Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) at 550 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min was characterized and its ability to adsorb the dyes Methylene blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The effect of pH, temperature and initial concentration of the dyes on adsorption behavior were investigated. The equilibrium sorption data were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms.

Pyrolysis and kinetic analyses of a perennial grass (Saccharum ravannae L.) from north-east India: Optimization through response surface methodology and product characterization.

The objective of the present investigation was to optimize the pyrolysis condition of an abundantly available and low cost perennial grass of north-east India Saccharum ravannae L. (S. ravannae) using response surface methodology based on central composite design.

Biosorption of Co (II) from aqueous solution using algal biochar: Kinetics and isotherm studies.

The present investigation deals with the utilization of biochar derived from the pyrolysis of microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus as an adsorbent for the removal of cobalt (II) ion (Co) from aqueous solution. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to evaluate the performance of the biochar for Co removal. The effect of contact time on adsorption of Co (II) onto surface of the biochar was investigated.

Fabrication of biochars obtained from valorization of biowaste and evaluation of its physicochemical properties.

This study investigated the yields and the physicochemical properties of biochar from three different feedstocks viz., i) bioenergy byproducts (deoiled cakes of Jatropha carcus and Pongamia glabra), ii) lignocellulose biomass (Jatropha carcus seed cover), and iii) a noxious weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), obtained through slow pyrolysis at a heating rate of 40°Cmin with a nitrogen flow 100mlmin at a temperature range of 350-650°C. For successful utilization of biochar for C-sequestration, its ability to resist abiotic or biotic degradation was deduced from recalcitrance index R by using TG analysis.

Effect of torrefaction on yield and quality of pyrolytic products of arecanut husk: An agro-processing wastes.

In the present study, arecanut husk, an agro-processing waste of areca plam industry highly prevalent in the north-eastern region of India, was investigated for its suitability as a prospective bioenergy feedstock for thermo-chemical conversion. Pretreatment of areca husk using torrefaction was performed in a fixed bed reactor with varying reaction temperature (200, 225, 250 and 275°C). The torrefied areca husk was subsequently pyrolyzed from temperature range of 300-600°C with heating rate of 40°C/min to obtain biooil and biochar.

Single Versus Multi-visit Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An in vivo Study with 1-year Evaluation.

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the teeth. Treatment of AP is based on the removal of the cause, i.e.

Complete utilization of non-edible oil seeds of Cascabela thevetia through a cascade of approaches for biofuel and by-products.

Lipid-rich biomass, generally opted for biodiesel production, produces a substantial amount of by-product (de-oiled cake and seed cover) during the process. Complete utilization of Cascabela thevetia seeds for biofuel production through both chemical and thermochemical conversion route is investigated in the present study. Various properties of biodiesel produced was characterized and compared with those obtained from similar oil seeds.

Perennial grass (Arundo donax L.) as a feedstock for thermo-chemical conversion to energy and materials.

In the present study, perennial grass species Arundo donax L. was pyrolysed in a fixed-bed reactor and characterization was performed for the liquid and the solid products. The effect of process parameters such as temperature (350-650 °C), heating rate (10 °C and 40 °C min(-1)) and sweeping gas flow rate (50-250 ml min(-1)) was also investigated.

Anesthetic efficacy of the supplemental X-tip intraosseous injection using 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline in patients with irreversible pulpitis: An in vivo study.

Introduction: Pain management remains the utmost important qualifying criteria in minimizing patient agony and establishing a strong dentist-patient rapport. Symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is a painful condition necessitating immediate attention and supplemental anesthetic techniques are often resorted to in addition to conventional inferior alveolar nerve block.

Aim: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anesthetic efficacy of X-tip intraosseous injection in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, in mandibular posterior teeth, using 4% Articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline as local anesthetic, when the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block proved ineffective.

Pyrolysis of Mesua ferrea and Pongamia glabra seed cover: characterization of bio-oil and its sub-fractions.

In the present study, pyrolysis of Mesua ferrea seed cover (MFSC) and Pongamia glabra seed cover (PGSC) was performed to investigate the characteristics of bio-oil and its sub fractions. In a fixed bed reactor, the effect of temperature (range of 350-650 °C) on product yield and quality of solid product were monitored. The maximum bio-oil yield of 28.