- Carotenoids are vital for photosynthesis and act as precursors for plant hormones called strigolactones (SLs), which are important for plant growth and stress response.
- The synthesis of SLs starts with the enzyme DWARF27 (D27) converting all--carotene into 9--β-carotene; research revealed a similar D27 protein in certain cyanobacteria that do not produce SLs.
- Active studies showed that the cyanobacterial D27 functions as an isomerase for various carotenoids but has a lower conversion efficiency compared to plant D27 enzymes and suggests that D27 in cyanobacteria may represent an ancestral form related to those in more complex photos