TRPS1 Immunohistochemistry in Salivary Gland Neoplasms: Analysis on Cytology Cell Blocks and Surgical Follow-Up Correlation.

Introduction: In this study we aim to analyze the TRPS1 immunostaining of salivary gland tumors (SGT) on cytology cell blocks and compare the staining pattern on subsequent surgical resections.

Methods: Malignant SGTs, oncocytomas and basal cell adenomas diagnosed on fine needle aspiration were retrieved from 2019 to 2021 database. Cases with surgical follow-up were selected.

Correlation of Cytologic Features With Molecular Testing of Indeterminate Oncocytic (Hürthle Cell) Thyroid Lesions.

Introduction: Indeterminate oncocytic/Hürthle cell lesions on thyroid cytology are reflexed to molecular testing. This study aims to examine the cytologic characteristics of thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears with oncocytes classified as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) with particular molecular patterns that can aid in determining a more conclusive Bethesda category upfront thus decreasing unnecessary testing and associated costs.

Materials And Methods: Our pathology database was searched for thyroid FNAs with AUS for oncocyte predominance from 2019 to 2022.

Malignant Pericardial Effusion from Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Study.

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer ranks fourth globally among women's cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma constitutes 70% of cervical cancer cases, often metastasizing to lungs and paraaortic nodes. Uncommon sites include the brain, skin, spleen, and muscle, while pericardial fluid metastasis is highly rare.

TRPS1 function beyond breast: A retrospective immunohistochemical study on non-breast cytology specimens.

Introduction: Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) has emerged as a reliable immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for identifying breast origin in metastatic carcinomas. This study investigates the utility of TRPS1 IHC in non-breast cytology specimens.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective search of our pathology database for the year 2021 identified fluids (pleural and peritoneal) and liver, lung and bone fine needle aspirations (FNAs) with surgical follow-up confirming non-breast metastatic carcinomas.

COVID and cytopathology training: Impact and innovations.

Graduate medical education and training in Cytopathology faced numerous unexpected challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. It was caused by the SARS-Co-V2 coronavirus and transmitted by breathing droplets or aerosol particles containing the virus and less commonly by contact with infected surfaces and fomites. To mitigate the rapid spread of disease non-essential services were closed, surgical procedures were prioritized, and "social distancing" was implemented.

Granulomatous myocarditis arising from intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy leading to death diagnosed by postmortem examination: a case report.

Background: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is used as a standard adjuvant therapy for non-muscle invasive urothelial cancer. Most patients tolerate the treatment well, with mild side effects. Systemic complications are extremely rare, occur due to BCG dissemination and are associated with immunocompromised state and urothelial breach.

Utility of TRPS-1 immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma in cytology specimens.

Introduction: At present, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) is the most frequently used diagnostic immunohistochemical (IHC) marker for breast carcinoma (BC). However, it is not specific and has very low sensitivity for triple-negative BC (TNBC). SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX-10) and trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS-1) have been suggested for inclusion in the diagnostic workup of TNBC.

Adequacy of pleural fluid cytology for comprehensive molecular analysis of lung adenocarcinoma: Experience of a large health-care system.

Objectives: Pleural fluid evaluation is an effective modality for identifying actionable genetic mutations to guide therapy in lung carcinoma. Clinicians requesting molecular studies often send large volumes of fluid to be processed that is not possible or cost effective and is hence not standard of practice in most cytopathology laboratories. We wanted to establish the characteristics of an adequate specimen that would yield reliable results with current molecular testing platforms.

The role of cytology as an effective tool in management of omental and peritoneal lesions: Experience of a large health care system.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of cytology in omental or peritoneal lesions.

Methods: A retrospective review of the pathology database for cytology cases of peritoneal or omental nodules over a 3-year period (2016-2018) was conducted. The cases consisted of either FNA only (FO); FNA and Core biopsy (FCB) or Touch prep and core biopsy (TCB).

Clinical efficacy with dabrafenib and trametinib in a T599_V600insT poorly differentiated metastatic thyroid carcinoma.

BRAF (v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1) and MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors have been shown to improve clinical outcomes in tumours presenting with mutations in the gene. The most common form of BRAF mutation is V600E/K and has been shown to occur in thyroid cancers. Treatment data for patients harbouring less frequent BRAF mutations are limited.

Angiosarcoma in Collision With a Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review.

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare entity that most commonly arises from the skin. Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignancy with a predilection for elderly males, has endothelial differentiation and a notoriously poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy. Herein, we report an angiosarcoma colliding with a MCC, in a patient with a past medical history of squamous cell carcinoma, status-post radiation therapy.

Diagnosis of Lymphoma Using Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy and Core-Needle Biopsy: A Single-Institution Experience.

Objective: The objective is to study the efficacy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core-needle biopsy (CNB) in the diagnosis of lymphoma in a single institution.

Study Design: We retrospectively reviewed 635 FNAB/CNB cases performed in our institution to rule out lymphoma during a 4-year period and collected the relevant clinical and pathological information for statistical analysis.

Results And Conclusions: This cohort comprised 275 males and 360 females, with a median age of 57 years.

Adequate at rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE), but inadequate on final cytologic diagnosis: Analysis of 606 cases of endobronchial ultrasound-guided trans bronchial needle aspirations (EBUS-TBNA).

Background: EBUS-TBNA is a minimally invasive, reliable technique with high sensitivity and accuracy. ROSE plays a crucial role in triaging specimens to guide management. This study analyzes aspirates that were deemed "adequate" on ROSE, but inconclusive upon final cytologic interpretation.

Determining the molecular test for indeterminate thyroid nodules best suited for our practice: A quality assurance study.

Introduction: Currently, molecular studies are widely used as a guiding tool in further management of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. At our institution, clinicians have recently expressed concern over receiving "less positive molecular results" upon switching from an extended 14 gene mutation panel (EGMP) to a 7 gene mutation panel (GMP). Our goal is to compare outcomes of these two tests in regards to the performance characteristics and clinical impact.

Risk stratification of salivary gland cytology utilizing the Milan system of classification.

Background: The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is based on risk stratification. Our study is a retrospective review of salivary gland fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with the goal of determining the risk of malignancy (ROM) in each of the categories proposed by the MSRSGC.

Methods: FNAC of salivary gland lesions with corresponding surgical resection specimens were retrieved over a 5-year period.

Cytology smears for DNA extraction: Practical approach for selecting the best slide.

Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) to detect actionable genetic abnormalities is standard of care in advanced stage lung adenocarcinoma. Many studies have shown that the molecular results obtained from fine needle aspiration cytology material are comparable to those obtained from formalin-fixed tissue samples. We undertook this study to validate DNA extraction from cytology material for molecular studies and to find any correlation between DNA yield, pattern of tumour cells and tumour fraction.

Lack of transformation zone in cervical Pap tests, should it be a concern? A quality assurance initiative.

Background: Bethesda guidelines do not require presence of transformation zone (TZ) for a cervical Pap test to be deemed adequate. However, clinicians are concerned with specimens that are reported to lack TZ.

Methods: We analyzed 566 ThinPrep cases reported as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) with no cervical abnormality detected in previous 4 years (2007-2011).

Analysis of the Cytomorphological Features in Atypical Urine Specimens following Application of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology.

Background: This study investigates the use of The Paris System (TPS) for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology and examines the performance of individual and combined morphological features in atypical urine cytologies.

Methods: We reviewed 118 atypical cytologies with subsequent bladder biopsies for the presence of several morphological features and reclassified them into Paris System categories. The sensitivity and specificity of individual and combined features were calculated along with the risk of malignancy.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lytic bone lesions: An institution's experience.

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration (FNAB) is an effective, minimally-invasive, inexpensive, diagnostic technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of FNAB in the diagnosis of bone lesions.

Methods: FNABs of bone lesions diagnosed at our institution over a 2-year period were retrospectively analyzed.

Quality assessment and improvement of "Unsatisfactory" liquid-based cervicovaginal papanicolaou smears.

Objectives: The quality of cervicovaginal smears determines the success of cytology in screening programs for cervical cancer. Bethesda 2014 revisited the adequacy criteria for atrophic smears and redefined the squamous cell count in the "unsatisfactory" category. In this study, we evaluated the smear quality of Thinprep liquid-based cervicovaginal Papanicolaou cytology slides (TPS) that were previously deemed unsatisfactory, to determine reasons for such categorization.

Utility of intraoperative frozen sections for thyroid nodules with prior fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) in determining the course of surgery in thyroid nodules with a prior fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy diagnosis. In addition, reliability of FNA interpretation to guide surgical management without IFS was investigated.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients who had a FNA biopsy, IFS, and final pathology performed on a thyroid nodule over a 9 month period.