Clinical Features of Neuromuscular Disorders in Patients with N-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Antibodies.

Neuromuscular junction disorders affect the pre- or postsynaptic nerve to muscle transmission due to autoimmune antibodies. Members of the group like myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome have pathophysiologically distinct characteristics. However, in practice, distinction may be difficult.

Value of DSA in the diagnostic workup of pulsatile tinnitus.

Objectives: Pulsatile tinnitus (PT) is a rare complaint, but can be a symptom of life-threatening disease. It is often caused by vascular pathologies, e.g.

Diagnostic value of 3D fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool in the diagnostic work-up of multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, guidelines suggest MRI protocols containing axial dual-echo, unenhanced and post-contrast T1-weighted sequences. Especially the usage of dual-echo sequences has markedly improved the ability of MRI to detect cortical and infratentorial lesions.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: The Spectrum of MR Imaging Patterns.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe lesion patterns, distribution, and evolution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a larger single-center population.

Methods: Scans and follow-up, if available, of 50 patients with PRES between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Lesion patterns, extent, and signal intensity changes were identified and graded on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted images.

No evidence of jugular venous valve insufficiency in patients with migraine--a controlled study.

Background: Migraine with aura is associated with patent foramen ovale and right-left-shunt. Jugular venous valve insufficiency is a further vascular anomaly. It is a frequent finding in transient global amnesia which is associated with migraine.

Pallidal deep brain stimulation relieves camptocormia in primary dystonia.

Camptocormia, characterised by a forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine may occur in various movement disorders, mainly in Parkinson's disease or in primary dystonia. In severe cases, patients with camptocormia are unable to walk. While treatment options are limited, deep brain stimulation (DBS) with bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus (GPi) has been proposed as a therapeutic option in refractory cases of Parkinson's disease.

Neuroform stent-assisted treatment of intracranial aneurysms: long-term follow-up study of aneurysm recurrence and in-stent stenosis rates.

Introduction: Our purpose was to analyze the long-term evolution of wide neck cerebral aneurysms treated with stent assistance.

Methods: Data of consecutive patients treated with the Neuroform stent over 9 years were retrospectively analyzed with emphasis on periprocedural complications, aneurysm occlusion grade evolution, and in-stent stenosis rates.

Results: Altogether, 113 patients with 117 unruptured and ruptured aneurysms were subject of analysis.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): electroencephalographic findings and seizure patterns.

To better describe seizure type, frequency, and electroencephalographic (EEG) findings in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and correlate these data with clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we retrospectively assessed medical charts and EEG studies of patients with PRES treated between 2004 and 2011. Data collected included patients' underlying pathology, lesion distribution by MRI, seizure type and frequency, EEG pathologic background activity, focal pathology, and epileptogenic activity. Thirty-eight of 49 adults with PRES suffered from seizures; 17 underwent EEG and were included in the analysis.

[Facial and eye pain - Neurological differential diagnosis].

Head and facial pain are common in neurological practice and the pain often arises in the orbit or is referred into the eye. This is due to the autonomic innervation of the eye and orbit. There are acute and chronic pain syndromes.

Long survival of primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis following radiotherapy and temozolomide: case report and literature review.

Objective: Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PDLG) is a rare neoplasm with a short survival time of a few months. There is currently no standardized therapeutic approach for PDLG. -

Material And Methods: We report on a 53-year-old male patient who presented with epileptic seizures, gait disturbance, paraparesis and sensory deficits in the dermatomes T8-10.

Three cases of CLIPPERS: a serial clinical, laboratory and MRI follow-up study.

The aim of the study was to further determine the pathophysiology, clinical course, MRI-features and response to therapy of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS), which has recently been proposed as a rare chronic inflammatory central nervous system disorder responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Three patients with this rare entity underwent serial clinical and bimonthly MRI follow-up over a period of up to 16 months. Extensive laboratory work-up and brain biopsy were performed.

Short term effects of magnetic resonance imaging on excitability of the motor cortex at 1.5T and 7T.

Rationale And Objectives: The increasing spread of high-field and ultra-high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners has encouraged new discussion of the safety aspects of MRI. Few studies have been published on possible cognitive effects of MRI examinations. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes are measurable after MRI examinations at 1.

Isolated degeneration of the posterior column as a distinct entity--a clinical and electrophysiologic follow-up study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to better describe the long term clinical course and electrophysiologic and radiologic findings in isolated degeneration of the posterior column.

Methods: Four patients with the presenting symptoms of a progressive tabetic ataxia were followed up clinically and electrophysiologically over up to 15 years between 1997 and 2008. They received standardized neurological examinations, electrophysiologic testing with SEP, MEP, NCV, EMG, autonomic testing and cardiac evaluation, head and spine MRI, laboratory evaluation including CSF analysis.

Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and CSF dopamine depletion in HIV.

Dopaminergic dysfunction is thought to play a pivotal role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related dementia. Decreased dopamine (DA) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN) have been reported in HIV-infected patients, suggesting nigrostriatal damage. Structural changes detectable as hyperechogenicity in transcranial ultrasound (TCS) scans of the SN have been reported in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurological conditions.

[Effects of MRI on the electrophysiology of the motor cortex: a TMS study].

Purpose: The increasing spread of high-field and ultra-high-field MRI scanners encouraged a new discussion on safety aspects of MRI examinations. Earlier studies report altered acoustically evoked potentials. This finding was not able to be confirmed in later studies.

Endovascular treatment resolves non-hemorrhagic brainstem dysfunction due to tentorial dural AV fistula.

Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (tDAVF) clinically present usually with subarachnoid and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage. Reported rates range from 58% to 92% and neurological deficits occur in 79% to 92% of patients. This is due to venous congestion resulting from retrograde leptomeningeal venous drainage, which rarely, can be clinically silent.

Neuroimaging of infections of the central nervous system.

Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of neurologic infections. This article summarizes imaging findings in brain abscesses, ventriculitis, viral diseases, and opportunistic infections. In cases of uncomplicated meningitis, cranial computed tomography is sufficient to exclude brain edema, hydrocephalus, and skull base pathology.

Cerebral venous thrombosis after epidural blood patch: coincidence or causal relation? A case report and review of the literature.

We report on a female patient who developed post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) after epidural analgesia for delivery. Treatment with epidural blood patch led to complete headache remission and the patient was discharged. Two days later the patient was readmitted with hemihypaesthesia and mild hemiparesis of the right side.