Changes in microcirculation variables in an acute endotoxaemic equine model.

Background: Microcirculation is the essential link between macrocirculation and cellular metabolism.

Objectives: To test our hypotheses that microcirculation variables will show a heterogeneous flow pattern during experimental endotoxaemia, and that fluid therapy and noradrenaline (NA) infusion will normalise altered microcirculation variables.

Study Design: In vivo experiments.

Expansion of a conserved architecture drives the evolution of the primate visual cortex.

Human brain evolution is marked by a disproportionate expansion of cortical regions associated with advanced perceptual and cognitive functions. While this expansion is often attributed to the emergence of novel specialized brain areas, modifications to evolutionarily conserved cortical regions also have been linked to species-specific behaviors. Distinguishing between these two evolutionary outcomes has been limited by the ability to make direct comparisons between species.

Automated video-based pain recognition in cats using facial landmarks.

Affective states are reflected in the facial expressions of all mammals. Facial behaviors linked to pain have attracted most of the attention so far in non-human animals, leading to the development of numerous instruments for evaluating pain through facial expressions for various animal species. Nevertheless, manual facial expression analysis is susceptible to subjectivity and bias, is labor-intensive and often necessitates specialized expertise and training.

Differential neural mechanisms underlie cortical gating of visual spatial attention mediated by alpha-band oscillations.

Selective attention relies on neural mechanisms that facilitate processing of behaviorally relevant sensory information while suppressing irrelevant information, consistently linked to alpha-band oscillations in human M/EEG studies. We analyzed cortical alpha responses from intracranial electrodes implanted in eight epilepsy patients, who performed a visual spatial attention task. Electrocorticographic data revealed a spatiotemporal dissociation between attention-modulated alpha desynchronization, associated with the enhancement of sensory processing, and alpha synchronization, associated with the suppression of sensory processing, during the cue-target interval.

Antinociceptive and anesthetic-sparing effects of levomethadone/fenpipramide cannot be enhanced by coadministration of metamizole in awake and anesthetized Beagles.

Objective: To determine the effect of levomethadone/fenpipramide and metamizole alone and in combination on acute nociception.

Methods: 8 healthy, adult Beagles were used in 2 separate randomized, complete crossover, experimental trials (threshold testing and determination of minimal alveolar concentration [MAC]) with masked observers. In both trials, treatments were 0.

Flowmetry and spectrophotometry can detect reduced intestinal microperfusion in nonsurvivors during equine colic surgery for large intestinal strangulation.

Objective: To evaluate the use of laser Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry (LDFS) for large intestinal viability assessment in horses with naturally occurring large intestinal strangulations.

Methods: By use of LDFS, intestinal microperfusion was quantified as tissue oxygen saturation (tSo2), hemoglobin (tHB), and blood flow (tBF) in cases with large colon volvulus and small colon strangulations undergoing colic surgery (n = 17). Intestinal biopsies were taken from the pelvic flexure in all large colon cases and in small colon cases that underwent intraoperative euthanasia.

A New Methodology for the Oxygen Measurement in Lung Tissue of an Aged Ferret Model Proves Hypoxia during COVID-19.

Oxygen as a key element has a high impact on cellular processes. Infection with a pathogen such as SARS-CoV-2 and after inflammation may lead to hypoxic conditions in tissue that impact cellular responses. To develop optimized translational models for a better understanding of physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen conditions, it is a prerequisite to determine oxygen concentrations generated .

Comparison between Ultrasonographic-Guided Temporal and Coronoid Approaches for Trigeminal Nerve Block in Dogs: A Cadaveric Study.

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for innervating the periorbita. Ultrasound-guided trigeminal block is employed in humans for trigeminal neuralgia or periorbital surgery. There are no studies evaluating this block in dogs.

Flowmetry and spectrophotometry for the assessment of intestinal viability in horses with naturally occurring strangulating small intestinal lesions.

Background: Ancillary diagnostic methods to enhance the accuracy of viability assessment have not been established for use in clinical practice.

Objectives: To assess intestinal microperfusion measured by Laser Doppler Flowmetry and Spectrophotometry (LDFS) in naturally occurring small intestinal strangulations of different origins and to compare this between viable and non-viable segments.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Risk assessment in equine anesthesia: a first evaluation of the usability, utility and predictivity of the two-part CHARIOT.

Introduction: An accurate risk score that can predict peri-anesthetic morbidity and mortality in equine patients could improve peri-operative management, outcome and client communication.

Materials And Methods: Three hunded horses underwent pre-anesthetic risk assessment using the American Society of Anesthesiologists-Physical Status augmented with equine-specific diseases (ASA-PS-Equine), a multifactorial 10-part rubric risk scale (10-RS), and a combination of both, the Combined horse anesthetic risk identification and optimization tool (CHARIOT). Intra-and post-anesthetic complications, the recovery phase and mortality were recorded over a period of 7 days following general anesthesia.

A New Methodology for the Oxygen Measurement in Lung Tissue of an Aged Ferret Model Proves Hypoxia During COVID-19.

Oxygen as a key element has a high impact on cellular processes. Infection with a pathogen such as SARS-CoV-2 and following inflammation may lead to hypoxic conditions in tissue that impact cellular responses. To develop optimized translational in vitro models for a better understanding of physiologic and pathophysiologic oxygen conditions, it is a prerequisite to determine oxygen levels generated .

Measuring tissue oxygen saturation in the orad intestinal segment during equine colic surgery may aid in predicting the occurrence of postoperative ileus.

Objective: To assess the histological injury and intestinal microperfusion measured by laser Doppler flowmetry and spectrophotometry (LDFS) of the small intestine orad to a strangulation during colic surgery.

Animals: Horses with naturally occurring small intestinal strangulations undergoing colic surgery were included.

Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, intestinal tissue oxygen saturation (tSO2) and tissue blood flow (tBF) were measured by LDFS orad to the strangulation following release of the strangulation (n = 18).

Effects of tasipimidine premedication with and without methadone and dexmedetomidine on cardiovascular variables during propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia in Beagle dogs.

Objective: To evaluate cardiovascular effects of oral tasipimidine on propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia with or without methadone and dexmedetomidine at equianaesthetic levels.

Study Design: Prospective, placebo-controlled, blinded, experimental trial.

Animals: A group of seven adult Beagle dogs weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 12.

Anaesthetic-sparing effect of the anxiolytic drug tasipimidine in Beagle dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of oral tasipimidine on dog handling, ease of catheter placement and propofol and isoflurane requirements for anaesthesia.

Study Design: Placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded, experimental trial.

Animals: A group of seven adult Beagle dogs weighing (mean ± standard deviation) 13.

Applicability, reproducibility, and reliability of the German version of the Glasgow composite measured pain scale - feline during implementation into a small animal clinic.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate reproducibility and practicality of the German version of the Glasgow composite measured pain scale - feline, during its implementation into a German veterinary hospital.

Material And Methods: The study comprised of 2 parts. Participation of veterinary professionals was voluntary.

Assessment of an Ultrasound-Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Foals: A Cadaveric Study.

In neonatal equines, pathologies involving umbilical structures are an important cause of morbidity, and surgical removal of urachal remnants is a common procedure in clinical practice. Surgery involving the ventral abdominal wall can cause substantial pain, leading to complications and prolonged recovery. The objectives of this study were to describe a two-point bilateral ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block at the level of the umbilicus and to evaluate the extent of dye distribution in foal cadavers.

Cold stimulation is feasible and has limited aversiveness in healthy, pain-free dogs.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the applicability and repeatability of cold stimulation in dogs.

Animals: 10 healthy Beagle dogs were used in a blinded cross-over experiment.

Methods: Measurements were performed in triplicate at 4 skin locations.

Alpha Antagonist Vatinoxan Does Not Abolish the Preconditioning Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Experimental Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Equine Small Intestine.

Pharmacological preconditioning with dexmedetomidine has been shown to ameliorate intestinal ischaemia reperfusion injury in different species, including horses. However, it remains unknown if this effect is related to alpha adrenoreceptor activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning with and without the administration of the peripheral alpha antagonist vatinoxan.

Treatment of a Paroxysmal Atrioventricular Block by Implantation of a Bipolar, Single-Chamber Cardiac Pacemaker in a Donkey.

Case Summary: A two-year-old donkey presented with recurrent syncope. Electrocardiography revealed periods without any atrioventricular conduction and without any ventricular escape rhythm with a duration of up to one minute. Finally, atrioventricular conduction resumed spontaneously with a preceding ventricular escape beat.