[The failing right ventricle].

Right-sided heart failure is a common disease that leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Despite this it is ill understood. Echocardiography is currently the primary mode for diagnosis and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and fractional area change are good measurements to use for assessment.

Doppler cooling to the quantum limit.

Doppler cooling on a narrow transition is limited by the noise of single scattering events. It shows novel features, which are in sharp contrast with cooling on a broad transition, such as a non-gaussian momentum distribution, and divergence of its mean square value close to the resonance. We have observed those features using 1D cooling on an intercombination transition in strontium, and compared the measurements with theoretical predictions and Monte Carlo simulations.

Directed transport with real-time steering and drifts along predesigned paths using a Brownian motor.

We have realized real-time steering of the directed transport in a Brownian motor based on cold atoms in optical lattices and demonstrate drifts along predesigned paths. The transport is induced by spatiotemporal asymmetries in the system, where we can control the spatial part, and we show that the response to changes in asymmetry is very fast. In addition to directional steering, a real-time control of the magnitude of the average drift velocity and an on-off switching of the motor are also demonstrated.

Fluctuation-induced drift in a gravitationally tilted optical lattice.

Experimental and theoretical studies are made of Brownian particles trapped in a periodic potential, which is very slightly tilted due to gravity. In the presence of fluctuations, these will trigger a measurable average drift along the direction of the tilt. The magnitude of the drift varies with the ratio between the bias force and the trapping potential.

Transition from a two-dimensional superfluid to a one-dimensional Mott insulator.

A two-dimensional system of atoms in an anisotropic optical lattice is studied theoretically. If the system is finite in one direction, it is shown to exhibit a transition between a two-dimensional superfluid and a one-dimensional Mott insulating chain of superfluid tubes. Monte Carlo simulations are consistent with the expectation that the phase transition is of Kosterlitz-Thouless type.

Demonstration of a controllable three-dimensional Brownian motor in symmetric potentials.

We demonstrate a Brownian motor, based on cold atoms in optical lattices, where isotropic random fluctuations are rectified in order to induce controlled atomic motion in arbitrary directions. In contrast to earlier demonstrations of ratchet effects, our Brownian motor operates in potentials that are spatially and temporally symmetric, but where spatiotemporal symmetry is broken by a phase shift between the potentials and asymmetric transfer rates between them. The Brownian motor is demonstrated in three dimensions and the noise-induced drift is controllable in our system.

Experiments with a 3D double optical lattice.

We present a setup where we trap two different cesium hyperfine ground states in two different near-resonant optical lattices with identical topographies. We demonstrate that we can change the relative spatial phase between the lattices and we measure the equilibrium temperature as a function of the relative spatial phase. This provides a topographical chart of the optical potential.