Competency Assessment on Gram Stain Examination and Interpretation Among Medical Laboratory Professionals Working in Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Laboratory test results are the cornerstone for patient diagnosis and treatment. Gram staining is a classic laboratory test method used to differentiate between bacteria. Competence assessment can help identify gaps and provide suggestions to academics, researchers, and policymakers to address competency gaps.

Occurrence and anti-microbial susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in governmental hospitals wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Worldwide, come out and dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been warning the efficacy of antibiotics to treat an infection. Hospital wastewaters were a reservoir of such kind of resistant bacteria. Currently, the predominant antibiotics used for the treatment of hospitalized patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria are the β-lactam antibiotics.

High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae fecal carriage among children under five years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria present an ever-growing burden in the hospital and community settings. Data on the prevalence of ESBL fecal carriage remain scarce in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae fecal carriage among children under five years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Multidrug-Resistant and Carbapenemase-Producing in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria have become a public health problem in recent years. For the last many years, carbapenem antibiotics have been used successfully to treat infections caused by MDR . However, recently, producing carbapenemases have emerged, which confer broad resistance to most -lactam antibiotics including carbapenems.

Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC beta-lactamases producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC beta-lactamases (AmpC) are the common enzymes produced by gram negative bacilli, which are their main mechanisms of resistance to all generations of cephalosporins. Hence, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of ESBLs and AmpC producing gram negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from clinical specimens at International clinical Laboratories in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from January to May 2018.

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia.

Background: In low resourced countries, water-associated diseases have still impact on public health. Poor quality of water can cause waterborne diseases through bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that has been responsible for millions of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess quality and safety of public municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City.

Burden and genotype distribution of high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection and cervical cytology abnormalities at selected obstetrics and gynecology clinics of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Human papillomavirus is recognized as a major cause of cervical cancer. It is estimated that annually, 7,095 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and 4,732 die from the disease in Ethiopia. Understanding that the screening practice is very poor and the coverage is very limited, this disease burden is one of the major public health agendas in Ethiopia.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production and multi-drug resistance among isolated in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The global emergence and spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing have been threatening the ability to treat an infection. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing and multi-drug resistance (MDR) (ESBLs-E) from different clinical specimens in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to May 30, 2017.

Burden of Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Women of Child Bearing Age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Early detection and treatment of ( infection in women of child bearing ages may reduce the risk of maternal health disorder. This study was conducted to determine the burden of infections and associated risk factors among women of child bearing ages in Kolfe Keranio Subcity Woreda 9 Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methods: Facility based cross sectional study design was conducted from April to October 2015.

Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus species isolated from different clinical samples at Black Lion Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Objective: Enterococci which are parts of the normal intestinal flora are opportunistic human pathogens. Their increasing importance is largely due to their resistance to antimicrobials. So the aim this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial pattern of Enterococcus spp.

Resistance pattern and maternal knowledge, attitude and practices of suspected Diarrheagenic among children under 5 years of age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: cross sectional study.

Background: Diarrheal illness remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age worldwide, especially in developing countries. Diarrheagenic (DEC) is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children in the developing world and is associated with high resistance levels to antibiotics. The aims of this study were to isolate and determine susceptibility patterns of DEC among children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea and to assess maternal knowledge, attitude and practice towards childhood diarrhea.

Performance of point-of-care urine test in diagnosing tuberculosis suspects with and without HIV infection in selected peripheral health settings of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: There are few rapid point-of-care tests (POCT) for tuberculosis (TB) for use in resource-constrained settings with high levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This hinders early tuberculosis (TB) treatment. This cross-sectional study evaluates the recently developed urine Determine tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (TB LAM) antigen test.

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of child-bearing age in central Ethiopia.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii infections during pregnancy can result in abortion or congenital defects. Prevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in women of child-bearing age in Ethiopia are unknown. The current study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the seroprevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring T.

Prevalence of hookworm infection and its association with anemia among patients visiting Fenan Medical Center, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia.

Background: Data was obtained from all study subjects and blood and fecal specimen were collected from all subjects who apparently volunteer to take part in the study.

Objective: To determine prevalence of hookworm infection and its association with anemia. METHODS.