Differentiation between renal cell carcinoma metastases to the pancreas and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with renal cell carcinoma on CT or MRI.

Purpose: To determine whether renal cell carcinoma metastases (RCC-Mets) to the pancreas can be differentiated from pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) in patients with RCC on CT or MRI at presentation.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with biopsy-proven RCC-Mets (n = 102) or PNETs (n = 32) at diagnosis or after nephrectomy for RCC. Inter-observer agreement (Cohen kappa) was assessed in 95 patients with independent reads by two radiologists, with discrepancies resolved by consensus for final analysis.

Radiation dose reduction in pediatric computed tomography (CT) using deep convolutional neural network denoising.

Aim: We evaluated the quality of noncontrast chest computed tomography (CT) for pediatric patients at two dose levels with and without denoising using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN).

Materials And Methods: Forty children underwent noncontrast chest CTs for "chronic cough" using a routine dose (RD) protocol. Images were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction (IR).

Efficacy of in-person versus digital enhanced lifestyle interventions in adults with overweight and obesity.

Background: Lifestyle interventions (LIs) are the cornerstone for obesity management. The Mayo Clinic Diet (MCD) offers two approaches for LIs: the In-Person LI (IPLI) and the Digital Enhanced LI (DELI). The IPLI includes a 2-day in-person program with monthly follow-ups, whereas the DELI provides on-demand digital tools.

EoE Recurrence on PPI Maintenance Therapy: You Do Not Know if You Do Not Look!

Background And Aims: Data regarding histologic recurrence of EoE on PPI maintenance therapy are lacking.

Methods: Retrospective review of 101 patients with histologic PPI-responsive EoE.

Results: 52/101 (51%) patients underwent follow-up EGD with biopsies.

Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences Predicts Increased Neurobehavioral Symptom Reporting in Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

The objective of this study was to understand whether exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before 18 years of age predicts increased neurobehavioral symptom reporting in adults presenting for treatment secondary to persistent symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). This cross-sectional study identified 78 individuals with mTBI from 2014 to 2018 presenting for treatment to an outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation clinic. Neurobehavioral symptom inventory (NSI-22) scores were collected on admission, and ACEs for each patient were abstracted by medical record review.

Design, implementation, and impact of a cirrhosis-specific remote patient monitoring program.

Background: Remote patient monitoring (RPM) is an emerging focus in health care, and specialized programs may reduce medical costs, supplement in-office visits, and improve patient satisfaction. In this study, we describe the development, feasibility, and early outcomes of an RPM program for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Methods: Forty-six patients were offered enrollment at the time of hospital discharge in the cirrhosis RPM program (CiRPM), of which 41 completed at least 30 days of monitoring.

Impact of SUSAN Denoising and ComBat Harmonization on Machine Learning Model Performance for Malignant Brain Neoplasms.

Background And Purpose: Feature variability in radiomics studies due to technical and magnet strength parameters is well-known and may be addressed through various preprocessing methods. However, very few studies have evaluated the downstream impact of variable preprocessing on model classification performance in a multiclass setting. We sought to evaluate the impact of Smallest Univalue Segment Assimilating Nucleus (SUSAN) denoising and Combining Batches harmonization on model classification performance.

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Stool Analysis for Lactulose Titration Assistance in Hepatic Encephalopathy Through a Smartphone Application.

Introduction: Management of hepatic encephalopathy relies on self-titration of lactulose. In this feasibility trial, we assess an artificial intelligence-enabled tool to guide lactulose use through a smartphone application.

Methods: Subjects with hepatic encephalopathy on lactulose captured bowel movement pictures during lead-in and intervention phases.

Assessment of endoscope reprocessing at World Gastroenterology Organisation training centers using adenosine triphosphate testing.

Adequacy of endoscope disinfection in resource-limited settings is unknown. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing is useful for evaluation of endoscope reprocessing, and ATP <200 relative light units (RLUs) after manual endoscope cleaning has been associated with adequacy of endoscope disinfection. Consecutive endoscopes undergoing reprocessing at five World Gastroenterology Organisation (WGO) training centers underwent ATP testing before and after an on-site educational intervention designed to optimize reprocessing practices.

Serum lactate and mean arterial pressure thresholds in patients with cirrhosis and septic shock.

Background: The Sepsis-3 guidelines have incorporated serum lactate levels of >2 mmol/L in septic shock definition to account for higher observed mortality. Further evidence is needed to support this threshold in cirrhosis, as well as target mean arterial pressure (MAP) during resuscitation.

Methods: This observational cohort study investigated the association between initial serum lactate and resuscitation MAP levels on in-hospital mortality in patients with and without cirrhosis.

Long-Term Outcomes and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

Importance: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are pancreatic cysts that can give rise to pancreatic cancer (PC). Limited population data exist on their prevalence, natural history, or risk of malignant transformation (IPMN-PC).

Objective: To fill knowledge gaps in epidemiology of IPMNs and associated PC risk by estimating population prevalence of IPMNs, associated PC risk, and proportion of IPMN-PC.

Percutaneous Image Guided Cryoablation of Adrenal Metastases From Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Single Institution Review.

Objectives: To assess the safety, technical success, disease progression, and survival associated with percutaneous image-guided cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma metastasis (mRCC) in the adrenal gland.

Methods: Retrospective, single-institution review of adult patients undergoing percutaneous cryoablation for adrenal mRCC between the years of 2007-2021. Technical parameters, technical success, safety, and survival were analyzed according to standard criteria.

AI-based classification of three common malignant tumors in neuro-oncology: A multi-institutional comparison of machine learning and deep learning methods.

Purpose: To determine if machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) pipelines perform better in AI-based three-class classification of glioblastoma (GBM), intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) and primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL).

Methodology: Retrospective analysis included 502 cases for training (208 GBM, 67 PCNSL and 227 IMD), with external validation on 86 cases (27:27:32). Multiparametric MRI images (T1W, T2W, FLAIR, DWI and T1-CE) were co-registered, resampled, denoised and intensity normalized, followed by semiautomatic 3D segmentation of the enhancing tumor (ET) and peritumoral region (PTR).

Eosinophilic Esophagitis Histologic Scoring System: Correlation with Histologic, Endoscopic, and Symptomatic Disease and Clinical Use.

Background: The eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoEHSS) was developed to enhance the diagnostic standard of peak eosinophil count (PEC) in evaluating disease activity in EoE.

Aims: (1) Correlate the EoEHSS and PEC to measures of symptomatic and endoscopic disease activity, (2) Correlate EoEHSS grade and stage subcomponents to clinical, radiology, and endoscopic markers of fibrotic disease, (3) Evaluate EoEHSS remission in asymptomatic patients with PEC < 15 eosinophils per high powered field (eos/hpf).

Methods: Secondary analysis of prospective cohort data of 22 patients with EoE that underwent dietary therapy and endoscopy at 3 time points.

Percutaneous Cryoablation of Plasmacytomas: Oncologic Effectiveness and Adverse Events.

Purpose: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes and adverse events associated with cryoablation of plasmacytomas.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of an institutional percutaneous ablation database showed that 43 patients underwent 46 percutaneous cryoablation procedures for treatment of 44 plasmacytomas between May 2004 and March 2021. The treatment of 25 (25 of 44, 56.