Fractures of the odontoid process: a report of 15 cases in children younger than 6 years.

Fractures of the odontoid process are rare in children. We retrospectively reviewed 15 cases in children younger than 6 years, with an average follow-up of 4 years and 3 months. Eight of these patients had neurologic involvement; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes were seen in the spinal cord at the cervicothoracic junction in six.

Callus response to micromovement during elongation in the rabbit.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether induced micromovement during the elongation period could improve the consolidation of diaphyseal elongation obtained by callus distraction. Two series of paired rabbit hindlimbs were studied. The surgical procedure and the waiting period were identical.

The too-long anterior process calcaneus: a report of 39 cases in 25 children and adolescents.

We observed 39 feet with a "too-long" anteromedial process of the calcaneus (TLAP) in 25 children and adolescents. The abnormality was diagnosed from symptoms (ankle sprains or persistent ankle or foot pain) in 33 cases. Six cases of TLAP were noted on radiographs taken of the patient's opposite, asymptomatic foot.

Bone growth after lengthening of the lower limb in children.

Femoral and tibial growth was studied in 6 children undergoing a femoral lengthening and 28 children a tibial lengthening. Growth of both femurs and tibiae was evaluated for 3 years both before and after the procedure. No significant growth disturbance was noted in femoral lengthenings of 14%.

Bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the olecranon.

A case of bilateral congenital pseudarthrosis of the olecranon is reported in a 15-month-old boy. This abnormality was noted at birth because of a fixed flexion deformity of both elbows. The left side was operated on at the age of 16 months and the right side at 21 months.

The outcome of walking in stable neuromuscular deficiencies.

In some patients with stable or very gradually worsening neuromuscular disorders, walking performance nevertheless decreases with increasing hip flexion and spinal deformity as the patient grows. The relations between muscular deficiency, pelvic and spinal deformity, head stability, gravity parameters and walking performance were studied in 43 patients aged 18 months to 38 years with a view to finding out how these parameters are related, whether progressive spinal deformity and loss of walking can be avoided or delayed, and whether specific therapy for each of these parameters can help. Early combating of hip flexion deformity by physiotherapy, accompanied by limbering-up exercises of the spine to counteract lumbar and thoracic lordosis are useful, as are orthoses to correct pelvic tilt anteversion, spinal lordosis and head instability.

[Too long antero-medial process of the calcaneus. A study of 59 cases in 37 children and adolescents].

Purpose Of The Study: In 1983, we reported 5 cases of a type of tarsal abnormality which often went unrecognized in children and adolescents, the so-called "too long antero-medial process of the calcaneus" (TLAP). This report analyzes 59 such abnormalities observed in 37 children and adolescents. Treatment of the 48 symptomatic cases is presented.

Vertebral growth after thoracic or lumbar fracture of the spine in children.

We studied vertebral growth after thoracic or lumbar fractures in 52 children followed up from the time of fracture until skeletal maturity. We identified pure anterior compression in 32, combined anterior and lateral compression in 11, and total vertical compression in nine. Six patients had no treatment, 42 had a conservative treatment, and four were operated on.

Callus response to micromovement after elongation in the rabbit.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether induced micromovement could improve the consolidation of diaphyseal elongation by callus distraction. Two series of paired rabbit hindlimbs were studied. The surgical procedure, waiting period, and elongation period were identical.

Femoral lengthening using the callotasis method: study of the complications in a series of 70 cases in children and adolescents.

The authors reviewed 70 femoral lengthenings performed for limb-length discrepancy in 66 children and adolescents using gradual incremental distraction. Nine were performed using the Judet lengthener and 61, the Orthofix external fixator. Etiology of the femoral shortening was congenital in 22, posttraumatic in 17, postinfection in 13, neurologic in 12, and miscellaneous in six.

[Femoral lengthening by callotasis. A study of a series of 79 cases in children and adolescents].

Purpose Of The Study: Results of femoral lengthening using callotasis method, with particular attention to the complications are presented.

Material And Methods: 79 femoral lengthenings performed for limb length discrepancy in 75 children and adolescents were studied. Etiology of the femoral shortening was congenital in 23 cases, post-traumatic in 20, post-infection in 14, neurologic in 13, and miscellaneous in 9.

Prostaglandins in PUVA-treated psoriasis.

The biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PG) in biopsies from 9 patients with recalcitrant psoriasis was studied before, during, and after treatment with 8-methoxy-psoralen and long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA). No statistical difference was found between the results obtained before, during, and after the treatment. In PGE1-equivalents, the concentration in involved psoriatic skin was 2.