Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation of the Hand: A Systematic Review of Eligibility Criteria.

Background: Hand transplantation (HT) has emerged as an intervention of last resort for those who endured amputation or irreparable loss of upper extremity function. However, because of the considerable effort required for allograft management and the risks of lifelong immunosuppression, patient eligibility is critical to treatment success. Thus, the objective of this article is to investigate the reported eligibility criteria of HT centers globally.

Protocol for in vivo imaging and analysis of brainstem neuronal activity in the dorsal raphe nucleus of freely behaving mice.

In vivo brainstem imaging with miniature microscopy has been challenging due to surgical difficulty, high motion, and correlated activity between neurons. Here, we present a protocol for brainstem imaging in freely moving mice using the dorsal raphe nucleus as an example. We describe surgical procedures to inject a virus encoding GCaMP6m and securely implant a GRIN lens in the brainstem.

Single-cell activity and network properties of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin neurons during emotionally salient behaviors.

The serotonin system modulates a wide variety of emotional behaviors and states, including reward processing, anxiety, and social interaction. To reveal the underlying patterns of neural activity, we visualized serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of mice using miniaturized microscopy during diverse emotional behaviors. We discovered ensembles of cells with highly correlated activity and found that DRN neurons are preferentially recruited by emotionally salient stimuli as opposed to neutral stimuli.