Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves using light to activate photosensitizers (PSs). Attractively, PDT is one of the alternative cancer treatments due to its noninvasive technique. By utilizing the heavy atom effect, this work modified a class of formazan dyes to improve intersystem crossing (ISC) to improve reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation for PDT treatment.
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