A retrospective analysis of surgical techniques and outcomes of hydatid disease in Wasit, Iraq.

Echinococcosis is a parasitic infestation with high prevalence in Iraq. Surgical treatment remains the standard gold method for treating this disease. The selection of surgical approach depends on the general condition of the patient and characters of the cyst, , size, location, number of cysts, intraoperative findings, and complications such as adhesion, bile leakage, and bleeding.

Preparation of F(ab') antivenom in Iraq against scorpion (Hottentotta saulcyi) venom.

The aim of this study was to prepare specific F(ab') antivenom against Iraqi scorpion (Hottentotta saulcyi). Venom was obtained by electrical stimulation method, the scorpions venom storage capacity was 1.7 ± 0.

Experimental measurements for the effect of dilution procedure in blood esterases as animals biomarker for exposure to OP compounds.

Organophosphate compounds can bind to carboxylesterase, which may lower the concentration of organophosphate pesticides at the target site enzyme, cholinesterase. It is unclear from the literature whether it is the carboxylesterase affinity for the organophosphate and/or the number of carboxylesterase molecules that is the dominant factor in determining the protective potential of carboxylesterase. The fundamental dilutions and kinetic effects of esterase enzyme are still poorly understood.

A Method for Fast Assessment of OP/CB Exposure in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Using Combined Esterases Enzyme Activity as Biomarkers.

The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of different esterase activities in plasma and liver for Japanese quail and to combine determination of both carboxylesterase and cholinesterase as biochemical biomarker in order to identify the effects of carbamate and organophosphate compounds exposure. Carboxylesterase exhibits larger sensitivity to carbamate and organophosphate compounds than to cholinesterase and is present at higher levels. This permitted nature and distribution of carboxylesterase or cholinesterase to be measured.