A Study of Self-Regulated Learning of Child Neurology for Medical Students.

Objective: Compare medical student preferences and outcomes after engaging two child neurology clinical scenarios with different feedback formats.

Methods: After IRB exemption, online case sce- narios were presented with periodic multiple choice questions. Cases provided immediate pro- grammed feedback (IPF), or immediate in-depth programmed feedback (IDPF).

Role of dipicolinic acid in resistance and stability of spores of Bacillus subtilis with or without DNA-protective alpha/beta-type small acid-soluble proteins.

Dipicolinic acid (DPA) comprises approximately 10% of the dry weight of spores of Bacillus species. Although DPA has long been implicated in spore resistance to wet heat and spore stability, definitive evidence on the role of this abundant molecule in spore properties has generally been lacking. Bacillus subtilis strain FB122 (sleB spoVF) produced very stable spores that lacked DPA, and sporulation of this strain with DPA yielded spores with nearly normal DPA levels.

Factors influencing germination of Bacillus subtilis spores via activation of nutrient receptors by high pressure.

Different nutrient receptors varied in triggering germination of Bacillus subtilis spores with a pressure of 150 MPa, the GerA receptor being more responsive than the GerB receptor and even more responsive than the GerK receptor. This hierarchy in receptor responsiveness to pressure was the same as receptor responsiveness to a mixture of nutrients. The levels of nutrient receptors influenced rates of pressure germination, since the GerA receptor is more abundant than the GerB receptor and elevated levels of individual receptors increased spore germination by 150 MPa of pressure.