Severe bleeding in patients following "tubeless" percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Predictors of angioembolization.

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a widely used procedure for treating renal calculi. Advanced techniques have improved outcomes, but hemorrhage remains a significant complication. While most cases of hemorrhagic complications are typically managed conservatively, few cases necessitate interventions like angioembolization (AE).