Sustainable catalysts in a short time: harnessing bacteria for swift palladium nanoparticle production.

Adapting biological systems for nanoparticle synthesis opens an orthogonal Green direction in nanoscience by reducing the reliance on harsh chemicals and energy-intensive procedures. This study addresses the challenge of efficient catalyst preparation for organic synthesis, focusing on the rapid formation of palladium (Pd) nanoparticles using bacterial cells as a renewable and eco-friendly support. The preparation of catalytically active nanoparticles on the bacterium VKM B-3302 represents a more suitable approach to increase the reaction efficiency due to its resistance to metal salts.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Durability of the Composite PLGA/CaP/Ti Scaffolds for Orthopedic Implants.

In addressing the challenge of enhancing orthopedic implants, 3D porous calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates modified with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were proposed. CaP coatings on Ti were deposited using the ultrasonic-assisted micro-arc oxidation (UMAO) method, followed by modification with PLGA through a dip coating process at concentrations of 5%, 8%, and 10%. The addition of PLGA significantly improved adhesive-cohesive strength according to the scratch test, while PLGA to CaP adhesion was found to be not less than 8.

[Multi-center open comparative randomized study of efficacy and safety of Akatinol Memantine 20 mg (single-doses) vs Akatinol Memantine 10 mg (double-doses) in patients with vascular dementia].

Objective: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of the drug Acatinol Memantine, 20 mg (once daily) in comparison with the drug Acatinol Memantine, 10 mg (twice daily) in patients with moderate to moderate severe vascular dementia.

Material And Methods: The study included 130 patients aged 50-85 years of both sexes with instrumentally and clinically confirmed vascular dementia. The patients were randomized into 2 groups.

Functionalizing Diatomite-Based Micro-Arc Coatings for Orthopedic Implants: Influence of TiO Addition.

The method of micro-arc oxidation has been utilized to synthesize a protective biocompatible coating for a bioresorbable orthopedic Mg implant. This paper presents the results of comprehensive research of micro-arc coatings based on diatomite-a biogenic material consisting of shells of diatom microalgae. The main focus of this study was the functionalization of diatomite-based micro-arc coatings by incorporating particles of titania (TiO) into them.

An Unusual Microdomain Factor Controls Interaction of Organic Halides with the Palladium Phase and Influences Catalytic Activity in the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction.

In this work, using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), the transformations of palladium-containing species in imidazolium ionic liquids in reaction mixtures of the Mizoroki-Heck reaction and in related organic media are studied to understand a challenging question of the relative reactivity of organic halides as key substrates in modern catalytic technologies. The microscopy technique detects the formation of a stable nanosized palladium phase under the action of an aryl (Ar) halide capable of forming microcompartments in an ionic liquid. For the first time, the correlation between the reactivity of the aryl halide and the microdomain structure is observed: Ar-I (well-developed microdomains) > Ar-Br (microphase present) > Ar-Cl (minor amount of microphase).

Visualization of the Mechanical Wave Effect on Liquid Microphases and Its Application for the Tuning of Dissipative Soft Microreactors.

The development of approaches for creation of adaptive and stimuli-responsive chemical systems is particularly important for chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology. The understanding of response mechanisms for various external forces is highly demanded for the rational design of task-specific systems. Here, we report direct liquid-phase scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the high frequency sound-wave-driven restructuring of liquid media on the microlevel, leading to switching of its chemical behavior.

Nanoscale Advancement Continues-From Catalysts and Reagents to Restructuring of Reaction Media.

Comprehensive studies dedicated to the search for specific properties of matter at the micro- and nanoscales have greatly enriched the fields of chemistry and materials science. From the point of view of synthetic chemistry, discoveries in the field of nanoscale catalysis, in which the size effects of active centers are used to accelerate the reactions, are of particular importance. However, another approach for the promotion of chemical transformations based on the micro- or nanoconfinement of reacting molecules or even on the structuring of the reaction media as a whole is gaining interest as a highly valuable tool.

Neural Network Analysis of Electron Microscopy Video Data Reveals the Temperature-Driven Microphase Dynamics in the Ions/Water System.

Real-time field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) measurements and neural network analysis were successfully merged to observe the temperature-induced behavior of soft liquid microdomains in mixtures of different ionic liquids with water. The combination of liquid FE-SEM and in situ heating techniques revealed temperature-driven solution restructuring for ions/water systems with different water states and their critical point behavior expressed in a rapid switch between thermal expansion and shrinkage of liquid microphases at temperatures of ≈100-130 °C, which was directly recorded on electron microscopy videos. Automation of FE-SEM video analysis by a neural network approach allowed quantification of the morphological changes in ions/water systems during heating on the basis of thousands of images processed with a speed almost equal to the frame rate of original electron microscopy videos.

Cellular and sub-cellular mechanisms of lipid transport from gut to lymph.

Although the general structure of the barrier between the gut and the blood is well known, many details are still missing. Here, we analyse the literature and our own data related to lipid transcytosis through adult mammalian enterocytes, and their absorption into lymph at the tissue level of the intestine. After starvation, the Golgi complex (GC) of enterocytes is in a resting state.

Visualization of catalyst dynamics and development of a practical procedure to study complex "cocktail"-type catalytic systems.

The ability to distinguish molecular catalysis from nanoscale catalysis provides a key to success in the field of catalyst development, particularly for the transition to sustainable economies. Complex evolution of catalyst precursors, facilitated by dynamic interconversions and leaching, makes the identification of catalytically active forms an important task, which is sometimes very difficult. We propose a simple method for in situ capturing of nanoparticles with carbon-coated grids directly from reaction mixtures.

Controlled Natural Biomass Deoxygenation Allows the Design of Reusable Hot-Melt Adhesives Acting in a Multiple Oxygen Binding Mode.

The present article describes a conceptual view on the design of reusable bioderived high-value-added materials. The translation of a highly complex irregular structure of natural biopolymer into a well-defined hierarchically organized molecular chain led to the discovery of unique adhesive properties enhanced by a novel multiple binding effect. For practical applications, biomass-derived furanic polyesters were found as reusable thermoplastic adhesives.

Solid-State C-S Coupling in Nickel Organochalcogenide Frameworks as a Route to Hierarchical Structure Transfer to Binary Nanomaterials.

In this work, the transfer of the flexible and easily tunable hierarchical structure of nickel organochalcogenides to different binary Ni-based nanomaterials via selective coupling of organic units was developed. We suggested the use of substituted aryl groups in organosulfur ligands (SAr) as traceless structure-inducing units to prepare nanostructured materials. At the first step, it was shown that the slight variation of the type of SAr units and synthetic procedures allowed us to obtain nickel thiolates [Ni(SAr)] with diverse morphologies after a self-assembly process in solution.

Evaluation of phytotoxicity and cytotoxicity of industrial catalyst components (Fe, Cu, Ni, Rh and Pd): A case of lethal toxicity of a rhodium salt in terrestrial plants.

Until recently, chemical derivatives of platinum group metals have not been in a systematic direct contact with living organisms. The situation has changed dramatically due to anthropogenic activity, which has led to significant redistribution of these metals in the biosphere. Millions of modern cars are equipped with automotive catalytic converters, which contain rhodium, palladium and platinum as active elements.

Revealing the unusual role of bases in activation/deactivation of catalytic systems: O-NHC coupling in M/NHC catalysis.

Numerous reactions are catalyzed by complexes of metals (M) with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, typically in the presence of oxygen bases, which significantly shape the performance. It is generally accepted that bases are required for either substrate activation (exemplified by transmetallation in the Suzuki cross-coupling), or HX capture ( in a variety of C-C and C-heteroatom couplings, the Heck reaction, C-H functionalization, heterocyclizations, ). This study gives insights into the behavior of M(ii)/NHC (M = Pd, Pt, Ni) complexes in solution under the action of bases conventionally engaged in catalysis (KOH, NaOH, -BuOK, CsCO, KCO, ).

Exploring the performance of nanostructured reagents with organic-group-defined morphology in cross-coupling reaction.

The great impact of the nanoscale organization of reactive species on their performance in chemical transformations creates the possibility of fine-tuning of reaction parameters by modulating the nano-level properties. This methodology is extensively applied for the catalysts development whereas nanostructured reactants represent the practically unexplored area. Here we report the palladium- and copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction involving nano-structured nickel thiolate particles as reagents.

"Solvent-in-salt" systems for design of new materials in chemistry, biology and energy research.

Inorganic and organic "solvent-in-salt" (SIS) systems have been known for decades but have attracted significant attention only recently. Molten salt hydrates/solvates have been successfully employed as non-flammable, benign electrolytes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries leading to a revolution in battery development and design. SIS with organic components (for example, ionic liquids containing small amounts of water) demonstrate remarkable thermal stability and tunability, and present a class of admittedly safer electrolytes, in comparison with traditional organic solvents.

Three-Dimensional Printing with Biomass-Derived PEF for Carbon-Neutral Manufacturing.

Biomass-derived poly(ethylene-2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) has been used for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. A complete cycle from cellulose to the printed object has been performed. The printed PEF objects created in the present study show higher chemical resistance than objects printed with commonly available materials (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG)).

[Features of Clonal Micropropagation of Silene cretacea (Caryophyllaceae) in in vitro Culture].

The features of the formation of microshoots in in vitro culture of Silene cretacea—endangered species with narrow ecological amplitude, which is a promising source of medicinal raw materials—were studied. It was demonstrated that, at the micropropagation step, basic Woody Plant Medium containing vitamins according to Murashige and Skoog and supplemented with 0.2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.

[Genetic polymorphism of Tulipa gesneriana L. evaluated on the basis of the ISSR marking data].

Using the method of ISSR analysis, the genetic diversity of 18 natural populations of Tulipa gesneriana L. from the north of the Lower Volga region was examined. The ten ISSR primers used in the study provided identification of 102 PCR fragments, of which 50 were polymorphic (49.

Direct Observation of Self-Organized Water-Containing Structures in the Liquid Phase and Their Influence on 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural Formation in Ionic Liquids.

Water-containing organic solutions are widespread reaction media in organic synthesis and catalysis. This type of multicomponent liquid system has a number of unique properties because of the tendency for water to self-organize in mixtures with other liquids. The characterization of these water domains is a challenging task because of their soft and dynamic nature.

Spatial imaging of carbon reactivity centers in Pd/C catalytic systems.

Gaining insight into Pd/C catalytic systems aimed at locating reactive centers on carbon surfaces, revealing their properties and estimating the number of reactive centers presents a challenging problem. In the present study state-of-the-art experimental techniques involving ultra high resolution SEM/STEM microscopy (1 Å resolution), high brilliance X-ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations on truly nanoscale systems were utilized to reveal the role of carbon centers in the formation and nature of Pd/C catalytic materials. Generation of Pd clusters in solution from the easily available Pddba precursor and the unique reactivity of the Pd clusters opened an excellent opportunity to develop an efficient procedure for the imaging of a carbon surface.

Catalytic C-C and C-heteroatom bond formation reactions: in situ generated or preformed catalysts? Complicated mechanistic picture behind well-known experimental procedures.

In situ generated catalysts and preformed catalysts are two practical strategies widely used in cross-coupling methodology that have long been considered to involve the same active species in the catalytic cycle. Recent mechanistic studies have revealed two fundamentally different pictures of catalytic reactions in solution. Preformed catalysts with strongly bound ligands initiate transformations mainly involving single type of metal species.

[Therapeutic correction of mild cognitive impairment in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia].

Neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases are the most significant among the main reasons leading to the cognitive impairment of the elderly. Vascular cognitive impairment is not limited to only dementia, representing a heterogeneous group both in pathogenic and clinical terms. The article dwells upon new principles of vascular cognitive impairment's classification and the review of their possible therapeutic correction that was conducted.