A Decade Later-Progress and Next Steps for Pediatric Simulation Research.

A decade ago, at the time of formation of the International Network for Pediatric Simulation-based Innovation, Research, and Education, the group embarked on a consensus building exercise. The goal was to forecast the facilitators and barriers to growth and maturity of science in the field of pediatric simulation-based research. This exercise produced 6 domains critical to progress in the field: (1) prioritization, (2) research methodology and outcomes, (3) academic collaboration, (4) integration/implementation/sustainability, (5) technology, and (6) resources/support/advocacy.

Rapidly building surge capacity within a pandemic response using simulation-based clinical systems testing.

Introduction: As the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread across the globe, hospitals around the USA began preparing for its arrival. Building on previous experience with alternative care sites (ACS) during surge events, Texas Children's Hospital (TCH) opted to redeploy their mobile paediatric emergency response teams. Simulation-based clinical systems testing (SbCST) uses simulation to test preoccupancy spaces and new processes.

Identification of TLT2 as an engulfment receptor for apoptotic cells.

Clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is critical to the homeostasis of the immune system by restraining inflammation and autoimmune response to intracellular Ags released from dying cells. TLRs-mediated innate immunity plays an important role in pathogen clearance and in regulation of the adaptive immune response. However, the regulation of efferocytosis by activation of TLRs has not been well characterized.

The receptor for urokinase regulates TLR2 mediated inflammatory responses in neutrophils.

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane protein, regulates urokinase (uPA) protease activity, chemotaxis, cell-cell interactions, and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. uPAR expression is increased in cytokine or bacteria activated cell populations, including macrophages and monocytes. However, it is unclear if uPAR has direct involvement in the response of inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, to Toll like receptor (TLR) stimulation.