Prevalences of Peripheral Arterial Disease Diagnosed by Computed Tomography Angiography in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Background: Few studies have examined the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), although several reports have examined its prevalence using an ankle brachial index (ABI). We aimed to determine the prevalence of PAD indicated by CTA in patients with AIS and to clarify the prevalence of PAD in each clinical ischemic stroke subtype.

Methods: We included 199 consecutive patients with AIS admitted to our hospital and divided them into PAD and non-PAD groups according to the CTA findings.

Akinetic mutism caused by HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was successfully treated with mefloquine: a serial multimodal MRI Study.

We report a case of a patient with highly active anti-retroviral therapy-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). The patient showed an improvement in imaging findings and clinical symptoms after mefloquine was introduced as an additional treatment. Serial assessment of white matter lesions was conducted by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

[A case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with malignant lymphoma presenting with a late-onset bilateral thalamic lesion].

A 63-year-old man presented with cognitive impairment including disturbance of memory functions and character change. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed signal hyperintensities in the bilateral medial temporal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed high protein concentrations, positive results for the oligoclonal band, and a slightly positive result for glutamate receptor ε2 (GluRε2) antibody.