Analysis of mcr family of colistin resistance genes in Gram-negative isolates from a tertiary care hospital in India.

Aim: Colistin serves as the drug of last resort for combating numerous multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections. Its efficacy is hampered by the prevalent issue of colistin resistance, which severely limits treatment options for critically ill patients. Identifying resistance genes is crucial for controlling resistance spread, with horizontal gene transfer being the primary mechanism among bacteria.

IgG responses against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines AZD1222 and BBV-152 and breakthrough infections among health care workers in southern India.

IgG antibodies elicited in response to SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining the protection achieved through vaccination. The present longitudinal study aims to assess the immune response generated through AZD1222 & BBV-152 vaccination among health care workers (HCWs) in a selected hospital. Serum IgG levels were measured approximately at 1.

Genome analysis of clinical genotype isolated from seafood in Mangaluru Coast, India provides insights into its pathogenicity.

an opportunistic human pathogen native to marine/estuarine environment, is one of the leading causes of death due to seafood consumption and exposure of wounds to seawater worldwide. The present study involves the whole genome sequence analysis of an environmental strain of (clinical genotype) isolated from seafood along the Mangaluru coast of India. The sequenced genome data was subjected to analysis of phylogeny, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance determinants, and secretary proteins using suitable bioinformatics tools.

Non-clinical isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus harbouring traits of potential pathogenicity and fitness: A molecular analysis.

Here we investigated the distribution of virulence and fitness attributes V. parahaemolyticus isolated from marine environment (n = 105). We discovered ∼1% of isolates positive for tdh, 8.

An insight into clinical and laboratory detections for screening and diagnosis of cervical cancer.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most frequent malignancy among women caused by an unresolved long-term infection with distinct human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. It is the fourth most common form of cancer among women worldwide. The two oncogenic genotypes, HPV 16 and 18, are responsible for >70% of all cervical cancers worldwide.

species isolated from aquatic organisms, insects, chicken, and humans in India show similar antimicrobial resistance profiles.

species are Gram-negative bacteria that infect various living organisms and are ubiquitously found in different aquatic environments. In this study, we used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify and compare the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, integrons, transposases and plasmids found in , and isolated from Indian major carp (, Indian carp (, catfish () and Nile tilapia () sampled in India. To gain a wider comparison, we included 11 whole genome sequences of spp.

Evaluation of reverse transcriptase-polymerase spiral reaction assay for rapid and sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Background And Aim: Existing real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) has certain limitations for the point-of-care detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since it requires sophisticated instruments, reagents and skilled laboratory personnel. In this study, we evaluated an assay termed the reverse transcriptase-polymerase spiral reaction (RT-PSR) for rapid and visual detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: The RT-PSR assay was optimized using RdRp gene and evaluated for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Genome analysis of clinical isolate of Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus MMM01 from India reveals genetic determinants of pathogenesis and adaptation.

In this study we report the whole genome sequencing (WGS) based analysis of blood-borne Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus MMM01 isolated from a diabetic patient to obtain deeper insights in to the virulence and host adaptability. The sequenced genome of C.

Characterisation of broad-spectrum phiKZ like jumbo phage and its utilisation in controlling multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

The emergence of highly virulent multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa has become increasingly evident among hospital-acquired infections and has raised the need for alternative therapies. Phage therapy can be one such alternative to antibiotic therapy to combat multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria, but this requires the availability of phages with a broad host range.

Biofilm Formation and Associated Gene Expression in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Specimens.

Biofilms reduce the bacterial growth rate, inhibit antibiotic penetration, lead to the development of persister cells and facilitate genetic exchange. The biofilm-associated Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have not been well studied, and their implications in overcoming the effects of antimicrobial therapy are yet to be fully understood. Hence this study evaluated the antibiotic resistance pattern, antibiotic resistance determinants of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) family.

Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of ESKAPE Pathogens: A Review.

The acronym ESKAPE refers to a group of bacteria consisting of , , , , , and spp. They are important in human medicine as pathogens that show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics; thus, the search for new effective bactericidal agents is still topical. One of the possible alternatives is the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partially ionized gas with the energy stored particularly in the free electrons, which has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects.

Whole genome analysis unveils genetic diversity and potential virulence determinants in associated with disease outbreak among cultured (Pacific white shrimp) in India.

has caused widespread mortality in Indian shrimp aquaculture in recent years. However, there are insufficient genome data for the isolates from Indian shrimp vibriosis to analyze genetic diversity and track the acquisition of genetic features that could be involved in virulence and fitness. In this study, we have performed genome analysis of isolated from moribund shrimps collected from shrimp farms along coastal Karnataka, India, for better understanding of their diversity and virulence.

Different expression pattern of thrombospondin gene in the presence and absence of β-glucan fed challenged with white spot syndrome virus.

Thrombospondins (TSPs) are extracellular, calcium-binding glycoproteins that play an essential role in cell homeostasis and development, wound-healing, angiogenesis, connective tissue organization, immune response etc. and it conserves from sea sponges to mammals. However, their role in shrimp immunity is poorly understood.

Isothermal amplification-based assays for rapid and sensitive detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: Opportunities and recent developments.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, the virus has been detected in 219 countries of the world. Therefore, managing the disease becomes the priority, in which detecting the presence of the virus is a crucial step.

Molecular investigation of the dengue outbreak in Karnataka, South India, reveals co-circulation of all four dengue virus serotypes.

The growing incidence of dengue outbreaks in the state of Karnataka prompted us to study the circulating dengue virus (DENV) and their proportion among the suspected cases of dengue patients during the disease outbreak at Mysuru district of Southern India. The presence of the DENV in a patient's serum sample was identified by RT-PCR using previously published primer pairs targeting CprM gene. DENV serotyping was carried out by semi-nested multiplex PCR using serotype-specific primers and nucleotide sequencing.

Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay along with conventional and real-time PCR assay for sensitive detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from seafood sample without enrichment.

The primary reason for foodborne illness is improper seafood safety testing, and hence, an appropriate tool for testing is the key to control the outbreaks. The current study aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus, important foodborne pathogen, targeting tdh, and trh genes. The specificity of the LAMP assay was good without any false-positive and false-negative results.

Detection technologies and recent developments in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.

COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 capable of causing mild to severe infections in humans. Since its first appearance in China in December 2019, the pandemic has spread rapidly throughout the world. Despite considerable efforts made to contain the disease, the virus has continued its prevalence in many countries with varying degrees of clinical manifestations.

Reprocessing of N95 masks: Experience from a resource-limited setting in India.

Objectives: Due to the surge in demand for N95 masks during the Covid-19 pandemic, and considering the situation in countries grappling with acute shortages of N95 masks, this study investigated the possibilities of decontamination and reuse of masks.

Methods: Three N95 masks of different makes (A, B and C) were subjected to six decontamination methods: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dip, plasma sterilization (Sterrad®), ethylene oxide (ETO, 3M®), dry heat sterilization, and moist heat sterilization (autoclaving). The integrity of the N95 masks was assessed by measuring their particle filtering efficiency at particle sizes ranging 0.

Genomic and antibody-based assays for the detection of Indian strains of nodavirus and extra small virus associated with white tail disease of .

White tail disease (WTD) of cultured is caused by nodavirus (NV) and extra small virus (XSV). Since both the viruses have small single strand RNA as genetic material with short generation time, they are more prone to mutations. Hence detection methods developed for one strain may be suboptimal for the detection of isolates from the different geographical locations.

Recombinant viral proteins delivered orally through inactivated bacterial cells induce protection in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) against White Tail Disease.

White tail disease (WTD) is a disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii caused by Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and extra small virus (XSV) with the potential to devastate the aquaculture industry. The present study aimed to explore the possible protection of M. rosenbergii against the disease by oral administration of bacterially expressed recombinant capsid proteins of MrNV and XSV.

Composition and Laboratory Correlation of Commercial Probiotics in India.

Objectives Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. Probiotics are currently being recommended and considered for many medical conditions. The Asia-Pacific region contributes to more than 40% of the global industry.

Deletion in the C-terminal region of the envelope glycoprotein in some of the Indian SARS-CoV-2 genome.

The envelope glycoprotein (E) is the smallest structural component of SARS-CoVs; plays an essential role in the viral replication starting from envelope formation to assembly. The in silico analysis of 2086 whole genome sequences from India performed in this study provides the first observation on the extensive deletion of amino acid residues in the C-terminal region of the envelope glycoprotein in 34 Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes. These amino acid deletions map to the homopentameric interface and PDZ binding motif (PBM) present in the C-terminal region of E protein as well as immediately after the reverse primer binding region as per Charité protocol in 26 of these genomes, hence, their detection through RT-qPCR may not be hampered and therefore E gene-based RT-qPCR would still detect these isolates.

causing a non-lactational breast abscess in a non-cystic fibrosis patient in Tamil Nadu, India.

Burkholderia cepacia complex is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen usually found in people with an immunocompromised condition such as cystic fibrosis (CF). In a tropical country like India, this organism has been associated with a number of hospital-acquired infections including sepsis. We present here a report of a case of Burkholderia vietnamiensis causing a non-lactational breast abscess in a non-CF patient.

Application of Outer Membrane Protein-Based Vaccines Against Major Bacterial Fish Pathogens in India.

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food-producing sectors in the world. However, its growth is hampered by various disease problems due to infectious microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria in finfish aquaculture. Disease control in aquaculture by use of antibiotics is not recommended as it leads to antibiotic residues in the final product, selection, and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment.

Exploring the Pathogenic Potential of Isolated from Seafood Harvested along the Mangaluru Coast, India.

It has been observed that not all strains of are virulent. Determining the virulence of strains that are frequently present in seafood is of significance for ensuring seafood safety. This study is an attempt to predict the virulence of seafood-borne isolated along the Mangaluru Coast, India.