Phase Change-Mediated Capture of Carbon Dioxide from Air with a Molecular Triamine Network Solid.

The efficient removal of CO from exhaust streams and even directly from air is necessary to forestall climate change, lending urgency to the search for new materials that can rapidly capture CO at high capacity. The recent discovery that diamine-appended metal-organic frameworks can exhibit cooperative CO uptake via the formation of ammonium carbamate chains begs the question of whether simple organic polyamine molecules could be designed to achieve a similar switch-like behavior with even higher separation capacities. Here, we present a solid molecular triamine, 1,3,5-tris(aminomethyl)benzene (TriH), that rapidly captures large quantities of CO upon exposure to humid air to form the porous, crystalline, ammonium carbamate network solid TriH(CO)·HO (TriHCO).

Associations of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and health disparities in the All of Us cohort.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to investigate the association of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and disparities.

Materials And Methods: The study cohort consists of 60 180 participants from the 4 largest self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups in the All of Us Research Program participant body: Asian (1291), Black (4726), Hispanic (5336), and White (48 827). A perceived discrimination index (PDI) was derived from participant responses to the "Social Determinants of Health" survey, and the All of Us Researcher Workbench was used to analyze associations and mediation effects of PDI and SIRE with 1755 diseases.

Nationwide insights into frailty: Systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based prevalence studies from India.

Frailty, a biologic syndrome of decreased reserve and resistance to stressors, affects 5 % to 17 % of older adults and is linked to factors like low BMI, female sex, and low exercise levels. With India's older population expected to double by 2050, frailty presents major public health and economic challenges. This study summarizes the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling Indians.

Interferon alpha-2b versus 5-fluorouracil as primary treatment modalities for ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a study of 116 eyes.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and side-effect profile of interferon alpha-2b (IFNα2B) and topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as primary treatment modalities for ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN).

Methods: Retrospective comparative study of 116 OSSN eyes treated with topical 1 MIU IFNα2B with/without 5 MIU/cc subconjunctival injection (group 1) or topical 1% 5-FU (group 2) in mutually exclusive time periods of treatment.

Results: Of the 116 eyes with OSSN, 64 eyes belonged to group 1 and 52 eyes to group 2.

Reusable CuO NPs Catalyzed Chemodivergent Transfer Hydrogenation of Azoarenes to Hydrazoarenes and Aniline Derivatives.

The selective synthesis of different products from a substrate employing a single catalyst by altering the reaction conditions is challenging. Herein, easy-to-synthesize and cheap CuO NPs catalyzed chemodivergent transfer hydrogenation (TH) of azoarenes to hydrazoarene and aniline derivatives using ammonia borane (AB) under mild condition is disclosed. The practical applicability of the protocol was demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis of hydrazo and aniline derivatives as well as by the reduction of few commercially used dyes such as methyl red, sudan I, sudan III and solvent yellow 7.

Open-Weight Language Models and Retrieval Augmented Generation for Automated Structured Data Extraction from Diagnostic Reports: Assessment of Approaches and Parameters.

Purpose To develop and evaluate an automated system for extracting structured clinical information from unstructured radiology and pathology reports using open-weights language models (LMs) and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and to assess the effects of model configuration variables on extraction performance. Materials and Methods This retrospective study utilized two datasets: 7,294 radiology reports annotated for Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) scores and 2,154 pathology reports annotated for mutation status (January 2017 to July 2021). An automated pipeline was developed to benchmark the performance of various LMs and RAG configurations for structured data extraction accuracy from reports.

The Final Rule in a Bind: What We Are Learning From Suboptimal Simultaneous Heart-Kidney Outcomes and Potential Solutions to the Problem.

Background: The 2018 revision of the adult Heart Allocation Policy (aHAP) led to a notable increase in the rate of simultaneous heart-kidney transplants (SHKT) in the United States. However, this policy has faced criticism for its inability to enhance post-transplant survival rates or decrease mortality among SHKT recipients on the waitlist, although high-quality kidneys are used.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, covering 1549 SHKT cases from 2015 to 2021.

A New Paradigm in Hospital Medicine: Evaluating the Effects of Geographical Cohorting on Health Care Delivery.

Background: Geographical cohorting in hospital settings represents a significant shift from traditional patient rounding practices and aims to enhance the efficiency of health care delivery. This model assigns hospitalists to a particular inpatient unit, where most of their patients are located. While this model has several benefits, including streamlining health care procedures, optimizing resource allocation, and fostering better provider communication, its implementation is not without its challenges.

Pulmonary Embolism as a Cause of Death in Lung Transplant Recipients: Data From a Nationwide Registry.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of mortality in lung transplant recipients, with early cases associated with particularly poor outcomes. Identified risk factors include elevated BMI, renal dysfunction, ABO mismatch, donor malignancy, and specific immunosuppressive agents. Tailored risk assessments and targeted interventions are essential to mitigating PE-related mortality.

Comparison of the Effect of Weekly Cisplatin Versus Three Weekly Cisplatin in Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer: A Pilot Study.

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) often present with advanced locoregional disease. Combined modality treatment with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) has become the standard of care for these cancers. We compared the efficacy and toxicity profile of weekly cisplatin regime compared to a three-weekly cisplatin regime in the setting of definitive CTRT for locally advanced HNSCC (LAHNSCC).

Effect of Smoking on Electron Microscopic Structure of Nasal Mucosa.

The present study aimed to assess and compare the effect of smoking on ultrastructure morphology of nasal mucosa between smokers and nonsmokers. The study included 50 subjects aged 25-62 years who were planned for rhinological surgical procedures. Subjects were divided into 3 groups- group 1 (nonsmoker), group 2 (smokers taking 1 pack/day or less), group 3 (smokers taking 2 pack/day or more).

Utilizing Narrow Band Imaging for Early Detection of Recurrence in Follow-Up Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated with Curative Intent Using Radiotherapy/Chemo-Radiotherapy: Enhancing Detection and Patient Outcomes.

Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancer in developing countries. Most of the patients present with advanced disease and requires rigorous treatment. Routine follow up of the patient is required to detect any recurrence which will substantially affect overall survival of the patient.

Enhancing Patient Outcomes in ENT Surgery: The Impact of Tailored Preoperative Educational Interventions on Anxiety Reduction.

Unlabelled: Preoperative anxiety significantly affects postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction in surgical settings. Studies has highlighted the effectiveness of preoperative education in surgical setting; however, there is a gap in studies within ENT surgery. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of tailored educational interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety and improving recovery outcomes among patients undergoing ENT surgeries.

The deubiquitinase inhibitor WP1130 drives nuclear aggregation and reactivation of mutant p53 for selective cancer cell targeting.

Mutations in the TP53 gene may lead to the loss of its tumor suppressor function and the acquisition of oncogenic properties. The enhanced stability of mutant p53 (mutp53) is one of the pivotal factors for its oncogenic functions, rendering proteins implicated in mutp53 stabilization as promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Although deubiquitinases (DUBs) are commonly deregulated in various cancers, their specific impact on mutp53 stabilization remains largely unexplored.

CDK4 selective inhibition improves preclinical anti-tumor efficacy and safety.

CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized treatment of hormone receptor positive (HR+), HER2 non-amplified (HER2-) breast cancer. Yet, all "dual" CDK4/6 inhibitors show common dose-limiting hematologic toxicities, foremost neutropenia. This poses challenges to provide these agents at concentrations necessary to extinguish cell cycling in tumors.

MicroRNAs in lung cancer: their role in tumor progression, biomarkers, diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic relevance.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs which are associated with post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Dysfunction or aberrant expression of miRNAs is predominant in various malignancies including lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the commonest causes of cancer-related death worldwide, with a five-year survival of only 10-20%.

Poly[(-acryloyl glycine)--(acrylamide)]-induced cell growth inhibition in heparanase-driven malignancies.

In the present work, glycine, the monomer -acryloylglycine (NAG), and polymeric units of poly[(-acryloylglycine)--(acrylamide)] p(NAG--Ac) are examined using density functional theory (DFT), and experimental evidence is provided for their use in the therapy of cancer with a poor prognosis. Glycine plays a pivotal role in cell survival, and most anti-cancer agents alter glycine metabolomics and suppress cancer cell proliferation. Herein, we have utilized Frontier Molecular Orbital theory (FMO), and the results revealed that the introduction of acrylamide/divinyl benzene into the glycine-based polymer increased its biological activity by lowering the energy band gap.

GSK3 coordinately regulates mitochondrial activity and nucleotide metabolism in quiescent oocytes.

As cells transition between periods of growth and quiescence, their metabolic demands change. During this transition, cells must coordinate changes in mitochondrial function with the induction of biosynthetic processes. Mitochondrial metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis are key rate-limiting factors in regulating early growth.

Selective Enhancer Dependencies in MYC-Intact and MYC-Rearranged Germinal Center B-cell Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

High expression of MYC and its target genes identify germinal center B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL) associated with poor outcomes. We used CRISPR-interference profiling of human lymphoma cell lines to define essential enhancers in the MYC locus and non-immunoglobulin rearrangement partner loci, including a recurrent rearrangement between MYC and the BCL6 locus control region. GCB-DLBCL cell lines without MYC rearrangement are dependent on an evolutionarily-conserved enhancer we name "germinal center MYC enhancer 1" (GME-1), which is activated by the transcription factor complex of OCT2, OCA-B, and MEF2B, shows an active chromatin state in normal human and mouse germinal center B cells, and demonstrates selective acetylation and MYC promoter topological interactions in MYC-intact GCB-DLBCL biopsies.

Photon-Counting CT: Technology, Current and Potential Future Clinical Applications, and Overview of Approved Systems and Those in Various Stages of Research and Development.

Photon-counting CT (PCCT) has emerged as a transformative technology, with the potential to herald a new era of clinical capabilities. This review provides an overview of the current status and potential future developments of PCCT, including basic physics principles and technical implementation by different vendors, with special attention to applications that have not, to date, been emphasized in the literature. The technologic underpinnings that distinguish PCCT scanners from traditional energy-integrating detector (EID) CT scanners with dual-energy capability are discussed.

Chest X-Ray Features of Drug Resistance Tuberculosis in Pediatric Population; A Prospective Study in High-Endemic Area.

Objective: To identify chest X-ray (CXR) characteristic of Pediatric pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in comparison to drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) for early identification and treatment of DRTB.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which CXR patterns of DS and DR patients aged 1 month to 18 years were categorized into different variants including pleural effusion, cavity lesion, hilar or mediastinal lymph node (LN), consolidation, pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, miliary TB, nodular shadow, and collapse. The consensus between the pulmonary physician and radiologist was measured using weighted kappa test.