Host Innate Antiviral Response to Influenza A Virus Infection: From Viral Sensing to Antagonism and Escape.

Influenza virus possesses an RNA genome of single-stranded, negative-sensed, and segmented configuration. Influenza virus causes an acute respiratory disease, commonly known as the "flu" in humans. In some individuals, flu can lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Novel antioxidant protein target therapy to counter the prevalence and severity of SARS-CoV-2.

Background: This review analyzed the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic globally and in India and the measures to counter its effect using natural and innate immune booster molecules. The study focuses on two phases: the first focuses on the magnitude, and the second on the effect of antioxidants (natural compounds) on SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: The magnitude of the prevalence, mortality, and comorbidities was acquired from the World Health Organization (WHO) report, media, a report from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), newspapers, and the National Centre of Disease Control (NCDC).

Edelfosine reactivates latent HIV-1 reservoirs in myeloid cells through activation of NF-κB and AP1 pathway.

The persistence of latent HIV-1 reservoirs in cells presents a formidable challenge towards a complete HIV cure. Edelfosine is an FDA-approved investigational, anti-neoplastic drug. In this study, we aimed to investigate its role as a HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agent (LRA) using latency model cell lines.

Critical pathways of oral squamous cell carcinoma: molecular biomarker and therapeutic intervention.

The rapid growth of oral cancer is a significant concern, especially in developing countries due to the advanced lifestyle and 5-year survival despite advanced multimodality of cancer care. The poor modality might be due to the detection of disease in the advanced stage. Early detection and development of novel therapies can improve oral cancer patient survival.

Biofilms: Architecture, Resistance, Quorum Sensing and Control Mechanisms.

Biofilm is a mode of living employed by many pathogenic and environmental microbes to proliferate as multicellular aggregates on inert inanimate or biological substrates. Several microbial diseases are associated with biofilms that pose challenges in treatment with antibiotics targeting individual cells. Bacteria in biofilms secrete exopolymeric substances that contribute to architectural stability and provide a secure niche to inhabiting cells.