Artificial intelligence in respiratory care.

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionised numerous aspects of our daily lives, with profound implications across various sectors, including healthcare. Although the concept of AI in healthcare was introduced in the early 1970s, the integration of this technology in healthcare is still in the evolution phase. Despite barriers, the current decade is witnessing an increased utility of AI into diverse specialities of the medical field to enhance precision medicine, predict diagnosis, therapeutic results, and prognosis; this includes respiratory medicine, critical care, and in their allied specialties.

Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation: Not all Hypoxemia During Covid-19 is the Same.

Unlabelled: Hypoxemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is not solely due to alveolar damage but can also involve factors like vascular shunts, such as pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, contributing to persistent hypoxemia. We report a case of a 59-year-old male, with COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring high-flow respiratory support, who later was also diagnosed with a large pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, which probably worsened because of COVID-19 infection.

Learning Points: Hypoxemia in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is multifaceted not only with alveolar damage but also with other factors such as vascular shunts, like pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.

An approach to reduce inhaler errors using Donabedian's triad.

Inhaler errors inversely affect the outcome of respiratory diseases. Inhaler devices, such as the metered-dose inhalers (MDI) and dry powder inhalers (DPI), are commonly used in treating respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and incorrect use of these devices can result in suboptimal treatment outcomes, increased probabilities of hospitalizations or admissions, and poorer quality of life. Patient related factors to inhaler errors include age, cognitive and physical abilities, education, language barriers, and preferences.

Applications of artificial intelligence in emergency and critical care diagnostics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Artificial intelligence has come to be the highlight in almost all fields of science. It uses various models and algorithms to detect patterns and specific findings to diagnose a disease with utmost accuracy. With the increasing need for accurate and precise diagnosis of disease, employing artificial intelligence models and concepts in healthcare setup can be beneficial.

Metaheuristic integrated machine learning classification of colon cancer using STFT LASSO and EHO feature extraction from microarray gene expressions.

The microarray gene expression data poses a tremendous challenge due to their curse of dimensionality problem. The sheer volume of features far surpasses available samples, leading to overfitting and reduced classification accuracy. Thus the dimensionality of microarray gene expression data must be reduced with efficient feature extraction methods to reduce the volume of data and extract meaningful information to enhance the classification accuracy and interpretability.

Lung ultrasound in respiratory therapy: a global reflective survey.

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a non-invasive point of care diagnostic tool used to assess the presence and severity of various lung disorders for more than two decades. Within the healthcare professionals are the respiratory therapists (RTs) who play a vital role in managing ventilated and other patients requiring respiratory support, but the incorporation of LUS into their scope of practice has not been well highlighted. This international cross-sectional survey was specifically designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of RTs with respect to LUS.

Quality indicators in respiratory therapy.

Quality indicators in healthcare refer to measurable and quantifiable parameters used to assess and monitor the performance, effectiveness, and safety of healthcare services. These indicators provide a systematic way to evaluate the quality of care offered, and thereby to identify areas for improvement and to ensure that patient care meets established standards and best practices. Respiratory therapists play a vital role in areas of clinical administration such as infection control practices and quality improvement initiatives.

Psychometric properties and development of a structured questionnaire to assess the perception, attitude, and job satisfaction among respiratory therapists.

Background: Over the past ten years, significant transformations have occurred in the healthcare landscape, presenting respiratory therapists (RTs) with a mix of challenges and opportunities. Hence, their perceptions about career progression and job satisfaction will be critical factor in determining the recruitment and retention of RTs. However, there are no studies in the literature that comprehensively assessed these aspects using a reliable and valid measure specific to RTs.

Rate of Change of Rapid Shallow Breathing Index and Extubation Outcome in Mechanically Ventilated Patients.

Background: Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) has been widely used as a predictor of extubation outcome in mechanically ventilated patients. We hypothesize that the rate of change of RSBI between the beginning and end of a 120-minute spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) could be a better predictor of extubation outcome than a single RSBI measured at the end of SBT in mechanically ventilated patients. .

Routine Application of Lung Ultrasonography in Respiratory Care: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Barriers to Instigate.

Background: Lung Ultrasound (LUS) had proved to be beneficial in detecting respiratory disorders at the bedside. Understanding the important role of Respiratory Therapists (RTs) in the critical care, we aimed to assess their knowledge, perceived relevance of LUS to clinical practice, current skill gaps, and barriers to practice.

Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted among the RTs working in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Quality assurance in allied healthcare education: A narrative review.

Introduction: There is no standard methodology for outlining the intricacies of allied healthcare education (AHE) or its quality. The profound misconception is that quality assurance (QA) in AHE is used on a "voluntary" basis. Given the absence of statutory regulatory mechanisms such as accreditation, validation, and audit by the peripheral agencies concerning QA, adoption of QA measures in AHE is not consistent, and it results in producing a subpar allied health workforce.

A community-based cervical cancer screening program in Alappuzha district of Kerala using camp approach.

Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of preventable cancer related death in women, particularly in middle-income developing countries. Screening of cervical pre-cancer by cytology remains an effective strategy for prevention of mortality. However, there is paucity of community-based studies in Kerala.

Quality Management in Respiratory Care.

The word "quality" refers to the features of a product or service to which a certain value is ascribed. When it comes to hospital-based practices, quality has often been considered to be specific to the care provided. However, this specific perspective is transitioning toward a broader concept after the evolution of quality-improvement projects and quality frameworks at the organizational level.

Respiratory Mechanics: To Balance the Mechanical Breaths!!

Sundaram M, Karthika M. Respiratory Mechanics: To Balance the Mechanical Breaths!!. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(1):10-11.

Morphological and molecular analysis of the freshwater copepod (Calanoida: Diaptomidae).

Morphological identification of the commonest Indian freshwater calanoid copepod has been facing a lot of controversies. To solve this problem, additional molecular support is needed. Hence, molecular analysis, along with morphological identification of the species using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy, was carried out.

Why are people dying due to tuberculosis? A study from Alappuzha District, Kerala, India.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB)is a major killer disease worldwide. It is the ninth leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. In India also, TB kills about 480,000 persons every year and more than 1400 every day.

Lung Ultrasound: The Emerging Role of Respiratory Therapists.

Lung ultrasound is a point-of-care imaging tool that is routinely used in acute care medicine. Traditionally, radiology physicians were the primary practitioners of diagnostic ultrasound, but with the recognition of its importance in intensive care medicine, critical care physicians have also adopted this practice. Within the intensive care unit inter-professional team is the respiratory therapist, who participates actively in the care of ventilated patients.

Hybrid DFT study on non-covalent interactions and their influence on pK's of magnesium-carboxylate complexes.

The electronic structure, stability, acidity, topological properties and charge transfer of octahedral magnesium-carboxylate complexes have been investigated at M05-2X/6-311G** level of theory. The interaction energy studies confirm the stability of the pentahydrated magnesium compounds. The calculated pK values using SMD solvation model through the deprotonation of metal-ion bound water molecule vary from 15.

Rapid shallow breathing index.

Predicting successful liberation of patients from mechanical ventilation has been a focus of interest to clinicians practicing in intensive care. Various weaning indices have been investigated to identify an optimal weaning window. Among them, the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) has gained wide use due to its simple technique and avoidance of calculation of complex pulmonary mechanics.

EXTRA CORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION IN ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.

A young female presented with pneumonitis and worsened acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) failed all the conservative ventilator management, was managed with extra corporeal life support technology, and was successfully discharged.

Spectroscopic investigations and hydrogen bond interactions of 8-aza analogues of xanthine, theophylline and caffeine: a theoretical study.

The structure, spectral properties and the hydrogen bond interactions of 8-aza analogues of xanthine, theophylline and caffeine have been studied by using quantum chemical methods. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and the singly excited configuration interaction (CIS) methods are employed to optimize the excited state geometries of isolated 8-azaxanthine, 8-azatheophylline tautomers and 8-azacaffeine in both the gas and solvent phases. The solvent phase calculations are performed using the polarizable continuum model (PCM).

3DSwap: curated knowledgebase of proteins involved in 3D domain swapping.

Three-dimensional domain swapping is a unique protein structural phenomenon where two or more protein chains in a protein oligomer share a common structural segment between individual chains. This phenomenon is observed in an array of protein structures in oligomeric conformation. Protein structures in swapped conformations perform diverse functional roles and are also associated with deposition diseases in humans.