Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer: Unraveling complex interactions for precision medicine.

This editorial will focus on tumor immunity and the factors that alter the tumor immune micro-environment. The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) will also be discussed in detail, including the types, mechanism of action, and role. Gastric cancer (GC) often presents in the advanced stage and has various factors predicting the outcomes.

Expression of Poly(Adenosine Diphosphate-Ribose) Polymerase Protein in Breast Cancer.

Background: The use of poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for breast cancer (BC) therapy is the subject of debate, and there is an urgent need to understand much the expression and prognostic role of the PARP1 protein. In this study, we have compared the expression of PARP between BC and benign breast disease (BBD) patients and also analyzed the association of PARP expression with clinicopathological parameters in BC.

Methods: The study consists of 30 patients with newly diagnosed operable BC who were planned for surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 15 patients of BBD as a control between 2019 and 2021.

Factors associated with pathologic complete response following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and esophagectomy for carcinoma of esophagus and gastroesophageal junction.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze factors associated with pathologic complete response (pCR) following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) and esophagectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus (EC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).

Methods: Patients with EC and GEJ tumors who received NCRT and underwent esophagectomy between January 2010 to March 2021 were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with pCR by comparing the patients who achieved pCR (pCR group) with those who did not achieve pCR (non-pCR group).

Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on tropospheric NO pollution assessed using Satellite-ground perspectives observations in India.

The global outbreak of Novel Corona Virus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has made worldwide lockdown including India since March 24, 2020. The current research aims at the improvements of nitrogen dioxide (NO) during the COVID-19 lockdown in India. This research has been done using both the open source data sets taken from satellite and ground based for better analysis.

Assessment of Vitamin D Levels and Its Correlation With Osteoporosis and Fracture Site Comminution in Osteoporotic Hip Fractures in Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: A global concern is vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. There is a particularly high risk for pregnant women, people of color (Blacks, Hispanics, and those with increased skin melanin pigmentation), obese children and adults, and children and adults who are abstinent from direct sun exposure. The goal of this study was to understand the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in patients with osteoporotic hip fractures in our rural population and also to know its association with osteoporosis and osteoporotic hip fractures in a tertiary care trauma center.

Polarization screening-induced magnetic phase gradients at complex oxide interfaces.

Thin-film oxide heterostructures show great potential for use in spintronic memories, where electronic charge and spin are coupled to transport information. Here we use a La0.7Sr0.

Ferroelectric polarization reversal via successive ferroelastic transitions.

Switchable polarization makes ferroelectrics a critical component in memories, actuators and electro-optic devices, and potential candidates for nanoelectronics. Although many studies of ferroelectric switching have been undertaken, much remains to be understood about switching in complex domain structures and in devices. In this work, a combination of thin-film epitaxy, macro- and nanoscale property and switching characterization, and molecular dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the nature of switching in PbZr(0.

Stationary domain wall contribution to enhanced ferroelectric susceptibility.

In ferroelectrics, the effect of domain wall motion on properties has been widely studied, but non-motional or stationary contributions from the volume of material within the domain wall itself has received less attention. Here we report the measurement of stationary domain wall contributions to permittivity in PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.

Improved pyroelectric figures of merit in compositionally graded PbZr1-xTixO3 thin films.

Pyroelectric materials have been widely used for a range of thermal-related applications including thermal imaging/sensing, waste heat energy conversion, and electron emission. In general, the figures of merit for applications of pyroelectric materials are proportional to the pyroelectric coefficient and inversely proportional to the dielectric permittivity. In this context, we explore single-layer and compositionally graded PbZr1-xTixO3 thin-film heterostructures as a way to independently engineer the pyroelectric coefficient and dielectric permittivity of materials and increase overall performance.

Differentiation of isolated and characterized human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth: An in vitro study.

Aims And Objectives: Isolation, characterization and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from exfoliated human deciduous teeth (SHED).

Methods: The pulp tissue was digested in collagenase and cultured in DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Media). The stem cells were identified and isolated.

Effect of growth induced (non)stoichiometry on interfacial conductance in LaAlO3/SrTiO3.

We demonstrate a link between the growth process, the stoichiometry of LaAlO(3), and the interfacial electrical properties of LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) heterointerfaces. Varying the relative La:Al cation stoichiometry by a few atomic percent in films grown at 1×10(-3) Torr results in a 2 and 7 order-of-magnitude change in the 300 and 2 K sheet resistance, respectively, with highly conducting states occurring only in La-deficient or Al-excess films. Further reducing the growth pressure results in an increase of the carrier density and a dramatic change in mobility.

Effect of 90° domain walls and thermal expansion mismatch on the pyroelectric properties of epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 thin films.

We have investigated the contribution of 90° domain walls and thermal expansion mismatch to pyroelectricity in PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3) thin films.

Unexpected crystal and domain structures and properties in compositionally graded PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 thin films.

Synthesis of compositionally graded versions of PbZr(1-x)Ti(x)O3 thin films results in unprecedented strains (as large as ≈4.5 × 10(5) m(-1)) and correspondingly unexpected crystal structures, ferroelectric domain structures, and properties. This includes the observation of built-in electric fields in films as large as 200 kV/cm.

Double external jugular vein and other rare venous variations of the head and neck.

Superficial veins of the head and neck are utilised for central venous cannulation, oral reconstruction and parenteral nutrition in debilitated patients. Clinical and sonological examinations of these veins may provide clues toward underlying cardiac pathology. Hence, although variations in these vessels are common, a sound knowledge of such variations becomes clinically important to surgeons, radiologists and interventional anaesthetists.

Effect of 90° domain walls on the low-field permittivity of PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O3 thin films.

We report on the contribution of 90° ferroelastic domain walls in strain-engineered PbZr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O(3) thin films to the room-temperature permittivity.

X-ray linear dichroism dependence on ferroelectric polarization.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and photoemission electron microscopy are techniques commonly used to determine the magnetic properties of thin films, crystals, and heterostructures. Recently, these methods have been used in the study of magnetoelectrics and multiferroics. The analysis of such materials has been compromised by the presence of multiple order parameters and the lack of information on how to separate these coupled properties.

Direct observation of ferroelectric domain switching in varying electric field regimes using in situ TEM.

In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques can potentially fill in gaps in the current understanding interfacial phenomena in complex oxides. Select multiferroic oxide materials, such as BiFeO(3) (BFO), exhibit ferroelectric and magnetic order, and the two order parameters are coupled through a quantum-mechanical exchange interaction. The magneto-electric coupling in BFO allows control of the ferroelectric and magnetic domain structures via applied electric fields.

Epitaxial ferroelectric heterostructures fabricated by selective area epitaxy of SrRuO3 using an MgO mask.

Illustration of a new high-temperature hard-mask process based on traditional lithography and selective wet-etching of MgO. The hard mask is compatible with standard nano-lithography techniques and heat treatments in excess of 1000 °C. Here, this technique is applied to produce temperature-stable contacts that give rise to low leakage, improved fatigue properties, and excellent high-temperature stability in ferroelectric thin-film capacitors.

Chemical analysis of dentin surfaces after Carisolv treatment.

Aims And Objectives: This study was done to characterize the surface chemistry after caries excavation with burs and Carisolv 2, by analyzing the relative amounts of organic and inorganic content, and also to analyze the penetration of the adhesive after etching and bonding using Micro Raman spectroscopy.

Materials And Methods: Twenty extracted molars with caries were distributed into the following groups and treated accordingly. Group 1-excavation with bur (10 teeth), and Group 2-excavation using Carisolv 2 (10 teeth).