Examination of the Corneal Endothelium in Patients With Congenital Aniridia With a PAX6 Mutation Using In Vivo Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy.

Purpose: In PAX6 syndrome, it is still not clear, whether prenatally, parallel to the iris tissue developmental anomaly, there is neural ectodermal, neural crest, or mesodermal cell deposition at the corneal endothelium, affecting endothelial structure and function. In addition, because of the postnatal corneal inflammation and commonly appearing secondary glaucoma, progressive endothelial changes are expected. Our purpose was to study the corneal endothelium in subjects with PAX6 aniridia, using in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy.

Comparison of the Effective Radiation Dose in the Region of the Facial Skull Between Multidetector CT, Dental Conebeam CT and Intraoperative 3D C-Arms.

Study Design: Experimental single-centre study of X-ray absorption using a phantom skull.

Objective: This experimental study aimed to compare the radiation doses of different 3D imaging devices used in maxillofacial surgery, including one Multidetector CT (MDCT), two Conebeam CT (CBCT) and four intraoperative 3D C-arms.

Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to determine the absorbed radiation in an Alderson-Rando phantom skull.

Peptidoglycan accumulates in distinct brain regions and cell types over lifetime but is absent in newborns.

Peptidoglycan (PGN) is a large complex polymer critical to structure and function of all bacterial species. Intact PGN and its fragments are inflammatory, contributing to infectious and autoimmune disease. Recent studies show that PGN physiologically contributes to immune setpoints, and importantly also to mouse brain development and behavior.

The median nerve´s system of connective tissue distal to the pronator teres to the carpal tunnel.

Background: Connective tissue serves a role beyond mere spatial filling. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that connective tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). According to our hypothesis, the median nerve (MN) is surrounded by a system of connective tissue distal to the pronator teres and extending up to, and including, the carpal tunnel.

The adhesion GPCR GPR116/ADGRF5 has a dual function in pancreatic islets regulating somatostatin release and islet development.

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by hormones secreted from different cell types of the pancreatic islets and controlled by manifold input including signals mediated through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RNA-seq analyses revealed expression of numerous GPCRs in mouse and human pancreatic islets, among them Gpr116/Adgrf5. GPR116 is an adhesion GPCR mainly found in lung and required for surfactant secretion.

[Ultrasonographic findings of the stomach in warmblood horses at different filling states].

Subject And Aim: The aim of the study was to clarify to what extent the sonographic representation of the stomach changes depending on its filling state.

Material And Methods: In a prospective controlled study, warmblood horses presented for gastroscopy were assessed sonographically. The examinations took place when the horses were fed normally (measurement 1), after 12 hours of food deprivation (measurement 2), after insufflation of air during gastroscopy (measurement 3) and after removal of air from the stomach at the end of the gastroscopy (measurement 4).

Accuracy Analysis of Computer-Assisted and Guided Dental Implantology by Comparing 3D Planning Data and Actual Implant Placement in a Mandibular Training Model: A Monocentric Comparison between Dental Students and Trained Implantologists.

The aim of this study was to investigate how precisely implantation can be realized by participants on a phantom head according to preliminary planning. Of particular interest here was the influence of participants' previous knowledge and surgical experience on the precision of the implant placement. The placed implants were scanned using an intraoral scanner, saved as STL files, and superimposed with the 3D-planned implant placement.

Reduced urine volume and changed renal sphingolipid metabolism in P2ry14-deficient mice.

The UDP-glucose receptor P2RY14, a rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), was previously described as receptor expressed in A-intercalated cells of the mouse kidney. Additionally, we found P2RY14 is abundantly expressed in mouse renal collecting duct principal cells of the papilla and epithelial cells lining the renal papilla. To better understand its physiological function in kidney, we took advantage of a P2ry14 reporter and gene-deficient (KO) mouse strain.

Comparison of Anatomical Preformed Titanium Implants and Patient-Specific CAD/CAM Implants in the Primary Reconstruction of Isolated Orbital Fractures-A Retrospective Study.

Background/aim: Reconstruction of the fractured orbit remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to compare anatomical preformed titanium orbital implants with patient-specific CAD/CAM implants for precision and intraoperative applicability.

Material And Methods: A total of 75 orbital reconstructions from 2012 to 2022 were retrospectively assessed for their precision of implant position and intra- and postoperative revision rates.

Dental Root Injuries Caused by Osteosynthesis Screws in Orthognathic Surgery-Comparison of Conventional Osteosynthesis and Osteosynthesis by CAD/CAM Drill Guides and Patient-Specific Implants.

Background/aim: The primary aim was to evaluate the prevalence and localisation of dental injuries caused by osteosynthesis screws during orthognathic surgery, comparing two different CAD/CAM planning/surgical approaches through retrospective evaluation of post-operative computed tomography.

Material And Methods: This study considered all patients who underwent orthognathic surgery from 2010-2019. The examination for dental root injuries between conventional osteosynthesis (Maxilla conventional cohort) and osteosynthesis with patient-specific implant (Maxilla PSI cohort) was performed by evaluating the post-operative CT scans.

Taxane-Induced Neuropathy and Its Ocular Effects-A Longitudinal Follow-up Study in Breast Cancer Patients.

A common severe neurotoxic side effect of breast cancer (BC) therapy is chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and intervention is highly needed for the detection, prevention, and treatment of CIPN at an early stage. As the eye is susceptible to neurotoxic stimuli, the present study aims to determine whether CIPN signs in paclitaxel-treated BC patients correlate with ocular changes by applying advanced non-invasive biophotonic in vivo imaging. Patients (n = 14, 10 controls) underwent monitoring sessions after diagnosis, during, and after therapy (T0-T3).

Approaches to standardising the magnetic resonance image analysis of equine tendon lesions.

Background: Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained increasing importance to monitor equine tendon lesions. Comparing results between studies and cases is hampered, because image analysis approaches vary strongly. This study aimed to improve reliability, comparability and time efficiency of quantitative MRI image analysis.

Mosaic vs. Single Image Analysis with Confocal Microscopy of the Corneal Nerve Plexus for Diagnosis of Early Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.

Introduction: The assessment of the corneal nerve fibre plexus with corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is an upcoming but still experimental method in the diagnosis of early stage diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Using an innovative imaging technique-Heidelberg Retina Tomograph equipped with the Rostock Cornea Module (HRT-RCM) and EyeGuidance module (EG)-we were able to look at greater areas of subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of EG instead of single image analysis in diagnosis of early stage DPN.

Intestinal S100/Calgranulin Expression in Cats with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy and Intestinal Lymphoma.

Diagnosing chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) in cats and differentiation from intestinal lymphoma (IL) using currently available diagnostics is challenging. Intestinally expressed S100/calgranulins, measured in fecal samples, appear to be useful non-invasive biomarkers for canine CIE but have not been evaluated in cats. We hypothesized S100/calgranulins to play a role in the pathogenesis of feline chronic enteropathies (FCE) and to correlate with clinical and/or histologic disease severity.

Equine skeletal scintigraphy: Comparing normal bone-to-soft tissue ratio 2 and 4 hours after injection with either hydroxymethylene diphosphonate or methylene diphosphonate.

Background: In equine skeletal scintigraphy, there is no information about the possible influence of different phosphonate compounds on image quality.

Methods: This prospective randomised study determined bone uptake changes and image quality for hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in equine patients at different time points. Scintigraphic images of the radius and the tibia of 20 horses were acquired at 2 and 4 hours after injection of either technetium-labelled HDP or MDP.

[Venous catheters in horses - early ultrasonographic venous abnormalities and evidence of biofilms].

Objective: Complications associated with indwelling intravenous catheters vary from minor to severe. Changes in tissue architecture and vein structure may be detectable prior to clinical alterations. The aim of the study was to characterize and compare changes in a catheterized vein and surrounding tissue by clinical and ultrasonographic examination.

Surfactant Protein-G in Wildtype and 3xTg-AD Mice: Localization in the Forebrain, Age-Dependent Hippocampal Dot-like Deposits and Brain Content.

The classic surfactant proteins (SPs) A, B, C, and D were discovered in the lungs, where they contribute to host defense and regulate the alveolar surface tension during breathing. Their additional importance for brain physiology was discovered decades later. SP-G, a novel amphiphilic SP, was then identified in the lungs and is mostly linked to inflammation.

Droplet Degeneration of Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons Signifies the Beginning of Neuritic Plaque Formation.

Background: Neuritic plaques contain neural and microglial elements, and amyloid-β protein (Aβ), but their pathogenesis remains unknown.

Objective: Elucidate neuritic plaque pathogenesis.

Methods: Histochemical visualization of hyperphosphorylated-tau positive (p-tau+) structures, microglia, Aβ, and iron.

RNA sequencing of glioblastoma tissue slice cultures reveals the effects of treatment at the transcriptional level.

One of the major challenges in cancer research is finding models that closely resemble tumors within patients. Human tissue slice cultures are a promising approach to provide a model of the patient's tumor biology ex vivo. Recently, it was shown that these slices can be successfully analyzed by whole transcriptome sequencing as well as automated histochemistry, increasing their usability as preclinical model.

3T MRI characteristics of the palatine tonsil in brachycephalic dogs.

Background: Investigation of the MRI characteristics of the palatine tonsil in brachycephalic dogs in 3T high-field system.

Methods: Eighty-five brachycephalic dogs and 37 normocephalic dogs were divided into five groups: group 1 French bulldogs (FBs) with neurological clinical signs (n = 37), group 2 FBs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) (n = 22), group 3 pugs with neurological clinical signs (n = 17), group 4 pugs with BOAS (n = 9) and group 5 normocephalic dogs (n = 37). Cross-sectional area and volume measurements were performed, and tonsillar margination and contour, shape, signal intensity and homogeneity/heterogeneity of the palatine tonsils were evaluated and compared.

Leptin Receptor-Deficient Mice Show Significant Heterogeneity in Response to High Non-heme Iron Diet.

Recent studies have shown an association between iron homeostasis, obesity and diabetes. In this work, we investigated the differences in the metabolic status and inflammation in liver, pancreas and visceral adipose tissue of leptin receptor-deficient mice dependent on high iron concentration diet. 3-month-old male BKS-Leprdb/db/JOrlRj () mice were divided into two groups, which were fed with different diets containing high iron (29 g/kg, = 57) or standard iron (0.

Surfactant protein C is associated with perineuronal nets and shows age-dependent changes of brain content and hippocampal deposits in wildtype and 3xTg mice.

Surfactant protein C (SP-C) modulates cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rheology. During ageing, its declining levels are accompanied by an increased burden of white matter lesions. Pulmonary SP-C intermediates harbouring the BRICHOS-domain prevent protein misfolding in the lungs.

Long-term diet-induced obesity does not lead to learning and memory impairment in adult mice.

Obesity arising from excessive dietary fat intake is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we studied the effect of long-term high-fat diet (HFD) (24 weeks) and return to normal diet (ND) on behavioral features, microglia and neurons in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Consequences of HFD-induced obesity and dietary changes on general health (coat appearance, presence of vibrissae), sensory and motor reflexes, learning and memory were assessed by applying a phenotypic assessment protocol, the Y maze and Morris Water Maze test.

Histological differences between lumbar and tail intervertebral discs in mice.

Both the lumbar and tail intervertebral discs (IVD) of mice serve as models for the pathogenesis and histologic progression of degenerative disc disease. Recent studies in mature mice, however, demonstrate that the mechanics and physical attributes of lumbar and tail IVD-endplate (EP)-interfaces are strikingly different. We hypothesized that these structural disparities are associated with differences in the composition and organization of soft tissue elements that influence the biomechanical properties of the spine.