Wider institutional research cultures and their influence on patient and public involvement and engagement in health research - An institutional ethnography.

Focus on patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is increasing in health policy and research governance. PPIE is considered by some to be a democratic right, and by others to be a way to improve health care and research outcomes and implementation. Most recently, policy makers, funders and (clinical) research institutions are making PPIE a strategic requirement for health research urging researchers to invite patients and relatives into their research activities.

Roles, outcomes, and enablers within research partnerships: A rapid review of the literature on patient and public involvement and engagement in health research.

Background: Recent studies mention a need to investigate partnership roles and dynamics within patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) in health research, and how impact and outcomes are achieved. Many labels exist to describe involvement processes, but it is unknown whether the label has implications on partnerships and outcomes. This rapid review investigates how roles between patients, relatives and researchers in a broad variety of PPIE activities in health research are described in peer reviewed papers and explores what enables these partnerships.

Mixed chloridometallate(ii) ionic liquids with tunable color and optical response for potential ammonia sensors.

Eight d-metal-containing -butylpyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) with the nominal composition (CPy)[NiMCl] or (CPy)[ZnMCl] (M = Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Zn; CPy = -butylpyridinium) were synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their optical properties. Single crystal and powder X-ray analysis shows that the compounds are isostructural to existing examples based on other d-metal ions. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy measurements confirm that the metal/metal ratio is around 50 : 50.

Tetrahalidometallate(II) Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: The Effect of Bromide versus Chloride.

Fifteen N-butylpyridinium salts - five monometallic [C Py] [MBr ] and ten bimetallic [C Py] [M M Br ] (M=Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) - were synthesized, and their structures and thermal and electrochemical properties were studied. All the compounds are ionic liquids (ILs) with melting points between 64 and 101 °C. Powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction show that all ILs are isostructural.

Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Synthesis with Ionic Liquids - State of the Art and Future Perspectives.

Metal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications.

Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: Optical and Electrochemical Properties versus d-Block Metal Combinations.

Thirteen N-butylpyridinium salts, including three monometallic [C Py] [MCl ], nine bimetallic [C Py] [M M Cl ] and one trimetallic compound [C Py] [M M M Cl ] (M=Co, Cu, Mn; x=0.25, 0.50 or 0.

Systematic Experimental Study on Quantum Sieving of Hydrogen Isotopes in Metal-Amide-Imidazolate Frameworks with narrow 1-D Channels.

Quantum sieving of hydrogen isotopes is experimentally studied in isostructural hexagonal metal-organic frameworks having 1-D channels, named IFP-1, -3, -4 and -7. Inside the channels, different molecules or atoms restrict the channel diameter periodically with apertures larger (4.2 Å for IFP-1, 3.

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Different Linker Molecules in Imidazolate Frameworks Potsdam (IFP-n) on the Separation of Olefin-Paraffin Mixtures.

Four metal-organic frameworks with similar topology but different chemical environment inside the pore structure, namely, IFP-1, IFP-3, IFP-5, and IFP-7, have been investigated with respect to the separation potential for olefin-paraffin mixtures as well as the influence of the different linkers on adsorption properties using experiments and Monte Carlo simulations. All IFP structures show a higher adsorption of ethane compared to ethene with the exception of IFP-7 which shows no selectivity in breakthrough experiments. For propane/propane separation, all adsorbents show a higher adsorption for the olefin.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Defects Metal-Imidazolate-Amide-Imidate Frameworks and Improved CO2 Capture.

In this work, we report three isostructural 3D frameworks, named IFP-11 (R = Cl), IFP-12 (R = Br), and IFP-13 (R = Et) (IFP = Imidazolate Framework Potsdam) based on a cobalt(II) center and the chelating linker 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate. These chelating ligands were generated in situ by partial hydrolysis of 2-substituted 4,5-dicyanoimidazoles under microwave (MW)-assisted conditions in DMF. Structure determination of these IFPs was investigated by IR spectroscopy and a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) with structure modeling.

An isoreticular family of microporous metal-organic frameworks based on zinc and 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate: syntheses, structures and properties.

We report on a new series of isoreticular frameworks based on zinc and 2-substituted imidazolate-4-amide-5-imidate (IFP-1-4, IFP = imidazolate framework Potsdam) that form one-dimensional, microporous hexagonal channels. Varying R in the 2-substitued linker (R = Me (IFP-1), Cl (IFP-2), Br (IFP-3), Et (IFP-4)) allowed the channel diameter (4.0-1.