Resolving Barriers to Continence for Children with Disabilities: Steps Toward Evidence-Based Practice.

Behavior-analytic toilet training (BATT) methods to support urine continence have been reviewed and replicated in numerous studies. Despite empirical validations of BATT, children with disabilities may not experience successful toilet training nor access the associated health and social benefits of urinary continence. It is possible these outcomes are partially due to practical barriers that arise throughout urine training.

Validation and comparison of 2D grading scales and 3D volumetric measurements for outcome assessment of bone-grafted alveolar clefts in children.

Background: Several methods have been proposed to assess outcome of bone-grafted alveolar clefts on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), but so far these methods have not been compared and clinically validated.

Objectives: To validate and compare methods for outcome assessment of bone-grafted clefts with CBCT and provide recommendations for follow-up.

Methods: In this observational follow-up study, two grading scales (Suomalainen; Liu) and the volumetric bone fill (BF) were used to assess the outcome of 23 autogenous bone-grafted unilateral alveolar clefts.

Long-term radiographic and periodontal evaluations of the bone-grafted alveolar cleft region in young adults born with a UCLP.

Background: Studies addressing the periodontal health of the teeth surrounding the bone-grafted cleft in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate disagree on whether periodontal health is compromised.

Objectives: To determine periodontal health differences between the cleft and the non-cleft sides nearly a decade after secondary alveolar bone grafting.

Methods: This prospective, controlled (split-mouth design) study comprised an intraoral apical radiographic and a periodontal examination of 40 consecutive patients from one centre (n = 26 males) who had undergone bone grafting at mean age of 10.

Low-Dose Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for Assessment of Alveolar Clefts: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Image Quality.

Background: Children born with an alveolar cleft receive bone grafts for improved function and aesthetics. The cleft area is examined radiologically before and after bone graft. Optimizing radiographic examination protocols is essential to protect these patients from possible delayed radiation injury later in life.

Assessment and Treatment of Prosody Behavior in Individuals with Level 1 Autism: A Review and Call for Research.

Differences in prosody behavior between individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their typically developing peers have been considered a central feature of ASD since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder (e.g., Kanner, 1943/1973).

A CBCT Based Assessment of Canine Eruption and Development Following Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients Born With Unilateral Cleft lip and/or Palate.

To three-dimensionally assess and visualize the eruption path and development of the maxillary canine following alveolar bone grafting in patients born with cleft lip and palate. A further objective of this analysis was to assess how the presence of the lateral incisor impacts the eruption path of the canine. Observational follow-up study.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: comparison of dental arch relationships and dental indices at 5, 8, and 10 years.

Background And Trial Design: The Scandcleft intercentre study evaluates the outcomes of four surgical protocols (common method Arm A, and methods B, C, and D) for treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in a set of three randomized trials of primary surgery (Trials 1, 2, and 3).

Objectives: To evaluate and compare dental arch relationships of 5-, 8-, and 10-year-old children with UCLP after four different protocols of primary surgery and to compare three dental indices. The results are secondary outcomes of the overall trial.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: impact of maxillary dental agenesis on craniofacial growth and dental arch relationship in 8 year olds.

Background: It is suggested that dental agenesis affects maxillary protrusion and dental arch relationship in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). In addition, an association between the need for orthognathic surgery and dental agenesis is reported.

Aim: The aim was to study the impact of maxillary dental agenesis on craniofacial growth and dental arch relationship in 8-year-old children with UCLP.

Dental Subphenotypes in Infants With Orofacial Clefts-A Longitudinal Population-Based Retrospective Radiographic Study of the Primary and Secondary Dentitions.

Objectives: To determine the developmental patterns of primary and secondary dentitions in infants with orofacial clefts.

Design: Retrospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

Materials: Longitudinal records and radiographs of 192 nonsyndromic Northern European infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 111) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 81).

Scandcleft trial of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: Craniofacial cephalometrics at 8 years.

Background: The Scandcleft trial is a randomized controlled trial that includes children with unilateral cleft lip and palate where registrations are standardized and therefore provides the opportunity to describe craniofacial characteristics in a very large sample of patients.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe craniofacial growth and morphology in a large study sample of 8-year-old children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP); before orthodontic treatment and before secondary alveolar bone grafting; and to compare the cephalometric values with age-matched non-cleft children from previous growth studies to identify the differences between untreated cleft- and non-cleft children.

Materials: There are 429 eight-year-old UCLP patients in the Scandcleft study group.

Deep orofacial phenotyping of population-based infants with isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate.

Isolated orofacial clefts (OFC) are common with poorly understood aetiology. Heterogeneous phenotypes and subphenotypes confound aetiological variant findings. To improve OFC phenome understanding, population-based, consecutive, pre-treatment infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 183) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 83) of similar ancestry were grouped for deep phenotyping.

Reliability and Predictive Validity of Dental Arch Relationships Using the 5-Year-Olds' Index and the GOSLON Yardstick to Determine Facial Growth.

Aims: To determine reliability and predictive validity of the 5-year-olds'(5YO) Index and GOSLON Yardstick in 119 patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate at 5, 7/8, 10, 15/16, and 19 years.

Methods: Five hundred thirty-four dental study models were appraised by 2 teams in 2 centers, twice in each center. Intrateam and interteam reliability in scoring the models was calculated using κ.

Safety and immunogenicity of an investigational maternal trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in pregnant women and their infants: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Background: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational trivalent group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccine in US pregnant women, transplacental serotype-specific antibody transfer and persistence in infants, and serotype-specific antibodies in breast milk.

Methods: This randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled trial administered one dose of trivalent GBS vaccine (n = 49) or placebo (n = 26) to healthy pregnant 18-40-year-old women at 24-34 weeks' gestation. Women were enrolled from March 2014 to August 2015.

Coverage, reporting degree and design of the Swedish quality registry for patients born with cleft lip and/or palate.

Background: The objective of the Swedish cleft lip and palate (CLP) registry is to promote quality control, research and improvement of treatment, by comparison of the long-term results of surgery, orthodontics and speech from all six Swedish CLP centres. The purpose of the study was to investigate the coverage and reporting degree of the Swedish CLP registry, and to describe the design of the registry and discuss questions of reliability and validity of the data included.

Methods: All six Swedish CLP centres participate in the registry.

Safety and immunogenicity of fully liquid and lyophilized formulations of an investigational trivalent group B streptococcus vaccine in healthy non-pregnant women: Results from a randomized comparative phase II trial.

Background: We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of liquid and lyophilized formulations of an investigational trivalent group B streptococcus (GBS) vaccine in non-pregnant women and assessed the formulations' equivalence in terms of serotype-specific immune response.

Methods: This phase II, randomized, comparative, observer-blind trial enrolled healthy non-pregnant women 18-40 years of age. Women received a single dose of fully liquid (n = 529) or lyophilized (n = 521) trivalent GBS vaccine on day 1.

How Ideas Come Into Being: Tracing Intertextual Moments in Grades of Objectification and Publicness.

How do ideas come into being? Our contribution takes its starting point in an observation we made in empirical data from a prior study. The data center around an instant of an academic writer's thinking during the revision of a scientific paper. Through a detailed discourse-oriented micro-analysis, we zoom in on the writer's thinking activity and uncover the genesis of a complex idea through a sequence of interrelated moments.

Facial growth in patients with isolated cleft palate treated with minimal incision technique compared to a normal population-a cephalometric study at 10 and 16 years of age.

Objective: To evaluate the result of a novel palatoplasty (minimal incision technique) for closure of an isolated cleft palate (ICP) at 10 and 16 years of age, concerning facial growth, compared to a normal population.

Subjects: Treated group: 55 non-syndromic Caucasian children born with an ICP between 1987 and 2001. The children were treated surgically with a one-stage palatoplasty at a mean age of 13 months.

Photodynamic Therapy Activity of Phthalocyanine-Silver Nanoparticles on Melanoma Cancer Cells.

The synthesis, characterization and photodynamic therapy activity of a novel metal free phthalocyanine (complex ), with or without silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are reported. The photodynamic activity of this complex was investigated using metastatic melanoma cancer cell line. In the presence of different concentrations of complex or in combination with silver nanoparticles, the viability of the cells showed a concentration dependent decrease upon irradiation with red light.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: maxillary growth at eight years of age.

Objectives: To assess differences in craniofacial growth at 8 years of age according to the different protocols for primary cleft surgery in the Scandcleft project.

Design And Setting: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCT) involving 10 centres, including non-syndromic Caucasians with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). In Trial 1, a common surgical method (1a) with soft palate closure at 3-4 months of age and hard palate closure at 12 months of age was tested against similar surgery but with hard palate repair at 36 months (delayed hard palate closure) (1b).

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: occlusion in 8-year-olds according to the Modified Huddart and Bodenham index.

Background: The Scandcleft international multicenter study is a prospective clinical trial of the long-term outcome after four different surgical protocols for palatal closure in patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). This paper is one of a series of follow-up studies in 8-year olds.

Objectives: To evaluate the dental occlusion of 8-year-old patients after four different protocols of primary surgery for UCLP.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: dental anomalies in 8-year olds.

Background: Children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) are reported to display several dental anomalies including agenesis, supernumeraries, as well as variations in dental size, shape, and path of eruption. The extensive sample of individuals with UCLP included in the Scandcleft randomized control trials offers the opportunity to study more rare conditions, which is seldom possible with limited samples.

Objectives: The aim was to study dental anomalies at 8 years of age in children born with UCLP included in the Scandcleft randomized control trials.

Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate. Dental arch relationships in 8 year-olds.

Background And Trial Design: The Scandcleft intercentre study evaluates the outcomes of four surgical protocols for treatment of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Originally 10 cleft centres in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK participated in a set of three randomized trials of primary surgery. Three groups of centres (Trials 1, 2, and 3) tested their traditional local surgical protocols (Arms B, C, and D) against a common protocol (Arm A).

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Second Dose of an Investigational Maternal Trivalent Group B Streptococcus Vaccine in Nonpregnant Women 4-6 Years After a First Dose: Results From a Phase 2 Trial.

Background: Maternal immunization against group B streptococcus (GBS) could protect infants from invasive GBS disease. Additional doses in subsequent pregnancies may be needed. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a second dose of an investigational trivalent CRM197-glycoconjugate GBS vaccine (targeting serotypes Ia/Ib/III), administered to nonpregnant women 4-6 years postdose 1.

Efficacy and social validity of procedures for improving conversational skills of college students with autism.

Better conversational skills correspond to a higher quality of life for adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we taught vocal-verbal responses discriminated by compound arrangements of concealed conversation partner mands to two college students with ASD. Participants learned to engage in self-questioning about their conversation partner's behavior and to reinforce three concealed mands for termination of an aversive conversation scenario.