Valorization of shrimp processing waste-derived chitosan into anti-inflammatory chitosan-oligosaccharides (CHOS).

Bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using a Bacillus chitosanase, BsCsn46A, was investigated, including food-grade approaches. After 48 h of enzymatic reaction, most of the final products were dimers and trimers. None of the CHOS products showed toxicity to human fibroblasts.

Enhancing epitope of PEDV spike protein.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the causative agent of a highly contagious enteric disease of pigs characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and severe dehydration. PEDV infects pigs of all ages, but neonatal pigs during the first week of life are highly susceptible; the mortality rates among newborn piglets may reach 80-100%. Thus, PEDV is regarded as one of the most devastating pig viruses that cause huge economic damage to pig industries worldwide.

Novel Neutralizing Epitope of PEDV S1 Protein Identified by IgM Monoclonal Antibody.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes devastating enteric disease that inflicts huge economic damage on the swine industry worldwide. A safe and highly effective PEDV vaccine that contains only the virus-neutralizing epitopes (not enhancing epitope), as well as a ready-to-use PEDV neutralizing antibody for the passive immunization of PEDV vulnerable piglets (during the first week of life) are needed, particularly for PEDV-endemic farms. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the recombinant S1 domain of PEDV spike (S) protein and tested their PEDV neutralizing activity by CPE-reduction assay.

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

This study focuses on a commercial plant elicitor based on chitooligosaccharides (BIG), which aids in rice plant growth and disease resistance to bacterial leaf blight (BLB). When the pathogen () vigorously attacks rice that has suffered yield losses, it can cause damage in up to 20% of the plant. Furthermore, is a seed-borne pathogen that can survive in rice seeds for an extended period.