[Economic and organizational impact of the use of a disposable sheath with a flexible cystoscope].

Purpose: To assess both economical and organizational impact as well as bacteriologic safety of a flexible cystoscope with sterile disposable sheath (FCSDS) compared to standard flexible cystoscopy (SFC) in two French urologic academic units.

Patients: Two-center prospective study, comparing the use of the FCSDS to the SFC on two consecutive periods of time. Two hundred and five patients were included and divided into each group.

[Expert opinion on surgical care pathway management of neurologic patients from Neuro-Urology Committee of the French National Association of Urology (AFU)].

The surgical care pathway of neurologic patients has two aims: preventing urinary morbidity and mortality and improving their quality of life. It requires taking into account the specificities of disabilities in domains of body functions: circulatory, ventilation and digestive physiology, motor functions, sensory functions, mental functions, and skin fragility which are responsible of dependencies in this heterogeneous group of patients. This management is necessarily multidisciplinary to be optimal and through specific clinical care pathway, providing guidance to the surgical procedure: preparation of the surgery, its realization, and post-operative rehabilitation.

[Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in parkinsonian syndromes: a review by the Neuro-Urology Comittee of the French Association of Urology].

Introduction: Lower urinary tract disorders (LUTD) are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes (PS). They are responsible for a significant morbidity and mortality and impair patients' quality of life. The therapeutic management of these LUTD requires to know how to distinguish the PD from other PS and their epidemiology and pathophysiology.

Involvement of connexins 43 and 45 in functional mechanism of human detrusor overactivity in neurogenic bladder.

Objective: To assess the involvement of connexins (Cxs) 43 and 45 in the selective inhibition of detrusor contractions in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO).

Materials And Methods: Detrusor strips with and without mucosa were obtained from patients undergoing cystectomy for either neurogenic bladder with NDO refractory to pharmacologic treatment or bladder cancer with no overactive bladder symptoms (ie, control group). The strips were isometrically mounted in organ baths.

The transcription factor early B-cell factor 1 regulates bone formation in an osteoblast-nonautonomous manner.

Early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) is a transcription factor whose inactivation in all cells results in high bone mass because of an increase in bone formation. This observation suggests Ebf1 may be an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation. To test this contention, we analyzed Ebf1 pattern of expression and function in osteoblasts ex vivo and in vivo through osteoblast-specific inactivation in the mouse.

Vitamin D receptor in osteoblasts is a negative regulator of bone mass control.

The physiological and beneficial actions of vitamin D in bone health have been experimentally and clinically proven in mammals. The active form of vitamin D [1α,25(OH)(2)D(3)] binds and activates its specific nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Activated VDR prevents the release of calcium from its storage in bone to serum by stimulating intestinal calcium absorption and renal reabsorption.

CFTR p.Arg117His associated with CBAVD and other CFTR-related disorders.

Background: The high frequency of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation p.Arg117His in patients with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and in newborns screened for CF has created a dilemma.

Methods: Phenotypic and genotypic data were retrospectively collected in 179 non-newborn French individuals carrying p.

MAML1 enhances the transcriptional activity of Runx2 and plays a role in bone development.

Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) is a transcriptional co-activator in the Notch signaling pathway. Recently, however, several reports revealed novel and unique roles for MAML1 that are independent of the Notch signaling pathway. We found that MAML1 enhances the transcriptional activity of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a transcription factor essential for osteoblastic differentiation and chondrocyte proliferation and maturation.

Inhibition of leptin regulation of parasympathetic signaling as a cause of extreme body weight-associated asthma.

Impaired lung function caused by decreased airway diameter (bronchoconstriction) is frequently observed whether body weight is abnormally high or low. That these opposite conditions affect the airways similarly suggests that the regulation of airway diameter and body weight are intertwined. We show here that, independently of its regulation of appetite, melanocortin pathway, or sympathetic tone, leptin is necessary and sufficient to increase airway diameter by signaling through its cognate receptor in cholinergic neurons.

Long-term efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity: an interim analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of repeat onabotulinumtoxinA injections in patients inadequately managed by anticholinergics for urinary incontinence (UI) due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Materials And Methods: Patients who completed either of 2 preceding phase III studies were offered entry into an extension study and received repeat onabotulinumtoxinA 200 U or 300 U. The data were integrated across the phase III and ongoing extension studies.

The impact of lymph node status and features on oncological outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) treated by nephroureterectomy.

Purpose: Prognostic impact of lymphadenectomy during radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) is controversial. Our aim was to assess the impact of lymph node status (LNS) on survival in patients treated by RNU.

Methods: In our multi-institutional, retrospective database, 714 patients with non-metastatic UTUC had undergone RNU between 1995 and 2010.

Five years follow-up study and failures analysis of Botulinum toxin repeated injections to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Introduction: The aim of this work was to follow prospectively a cohort of patients suffering from neurogenic overactive bladder, treated by botulinum toxin A, study the efficiency of this treatment, analyse the primary failures, secondary and surrender.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-one patients suffering from neurogenic OAB received a detrusor injection of 300 units of Botox™ (ALLERGAN, Irvine, CA) and were followed prospectively (median 5 years). They were evaluated by voiding diary, Qualiveen™ questionnary and urodynamics before treatment, 2 months after the first injection and the last re-injection.

[Treatment of detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia with permanent nitinol urethral stent: results after a minimum follow-up of 2 years].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of nitinol permanent urethral stents used in detrusor-striated sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) treatment on male patients with a spinal cord injury.

Materials: We investigated retrospectively all patients treated from 2004 to 2012. A total of 22 patients were included, with an age ranging from 22 to 76 years old.

[Obstetrical vesicovaginal fistula for single visiting surgeons in Africa].

Obstetrical vesicovaginal fistulas remain frequent in Africa. An isolated surgeon, making a short-term visit, must select cases with a good prognosis by thorough clinical examination. Surgery is the only treatment and is simple for these simple cases: debridement of both sides of the sclerotic fistula, making it possible to separate the vaginal and bladder walls and to suture each individually.

[Female stress incontinence treatment: urethral slings].

Female stress incontinence is often the consequences of obstetrical traumatisms. They are responsible of a weakness of perineal musculoaponevrotic structures. Until 1996, the reference treatment of this pathology was the "Burch" colposuspension, by laparotomy, then laparoscopic way.

Gut-derived serotonin is a multifunctional determinant to fasting adaptation.

Energy release from cellular storage is mandatory for survival during fasting. This is achieved through lipolysis and liver gluconeogenesis. We show here that in the mouse, gut-derived serotonin (GDS) is upregulated during fasting and that it favors both mechanisms.

Intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinomas: predictors and impact on subsequent oncological outcomes from a national multicenter study.

Objectives: To identify predictive factors and assess the impact on oncological outcomes of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods: Using a national multicentric retrospective dataset, we identified all patients with UTUC who underwent a RNU between 1995 and 2010 (n = 482). Intravesical recurrence was tested as a prognostic factor for survival through univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis.

[Cellular therapy and urinary incontinence].

Aim: The objective of the current study was to perform a review of literature concerning stem cells therapy (preclinical and clinical studies) applied to the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Methods: Review of literature (Pubmed/Medline) using the following key words: stem cells, urinary incontinence, stress. Among 38 published articles (English or French language), 16 studies were selected (comparative preclinical and clinical studies).

Intermittent self-catheterization habits and opinion on aseptic VaPro catheter in French neurogenic bladder population.

Study Design: Interventional, multi-center, open-label, randomized and crossover study.

Objectives: The study objectives were to describe the current catheterization habits of the French neurogenic bladder patients using intermittent catheterization (IC), and to evaluate the ease of use, reliability and patients' comfort and patients' acceptance of the new 'no-touch', presumably easy-to-use VaPro catheter.

Setting: Patients were recruited from 11 centers in France.

Antidepressant medications and osteoporosis.

Use of antidepressant medications that act on the serotonin system has been linked to detrimental impacts on bone mineral density (BMD), and to osteoporosis. This article reviews current evidence for such effects, and identifies themes for future research. Serotonin receptors are found in all major types of bone cell (osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts), indicating an important role of the neuroendocrine system in bone.

miR-34s inhibit osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in the mouse by targeting SATB2.

A screen of microRNAs preferentially expressed in osteoblasts identified members of the miR-34 family as regulators of osteoblast proliferation and/or differentiation. Osteoblast-specific gain- and loss-of-function experiments performed in vivo revealed that miR-34b and -c affected skeletogenesis during embryonic development, as well as bone mass accrual after birth, through two complementary cellular and molecular mechanisms. First, they inhibited osteoblast proliferation by suppressing Cyclin D1, CDK4, and CDK6 accumulation.

Anabolic action of parathyroid hormone regulated by the β2-adrenergic receptor.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), the major calcium-regulating hormone, and norepinephrine (NE), the principal neurotransmitter of sympathetic nerves, regulate bone remodeling by activating distinct cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors in osteoblasts: the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTHR) and the β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR), respectively. These receptors activate a common cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway mediated through the stimulatory heterotrimeric G protein. Activation of β(2)AR via the sympathetic nervous system decreases bone formation and increases bone resorption.

Case report of apoptosis in testis of four AZFc-deleted patients: increased DNA fragmentation during meiosis, but decreased apoptotic markers in post-meiotic germ cells.

AZFc deletions of the Y chromosome are the major known genetic cause of spermatogenetic failure. Meiotic studies have shown a prevalence of synaptonemal complex fragmentation and an excess of early-stage sperm cells, suggesting that the maturation block could involve apoptosis. We present a prospective and observational study of apoptotic markers in the sperm of four AZFc-deleted patients and two non-obstructive azoospermic controls without an AZFc deletion.