Association of phase angle and running performance.

Background: A high phase angle derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis has been linked to a high level of physical activity. However, it is unknown whether a high phase angle is related to running performance.

Methods: We included all subjects who participated for the first time to the Course de l'Escalade between 1999 and 2016, a yearly city run occurring in Geneva.

An Increase in Fat Mass Index Predicts a Deterioration of Running Speed.

A low fat mass is associated with a good running performance. This study explores whether modifications in body composition predicted changes in running speed. We included people who underwent several measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis between 1999 and 2016, at the "Course de l'Escalade", taking place yearly in Geneva.

Running performance in a timed city run and body composition: A cross-sectional study in more than 3000 runners.

Objective: The importance of body composition for running performance is unclear in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether body composition influences running speed and whether it is a better predictor of running speed than body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The study included 1353 women (38.

Bioimpedance-Derived Phase Angle and Mortality Among Older People.

Background: Phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) may be a marker of health state.

Objective: This historical cohort study of prospectively collected BIA measurements aims to investigate the link between phase angle and mortality in older people and evaluate whether a phase angle cutoff can be defined.

Design: We included all adults aged ≥65 years who underwent a BIA measurement by the Nutriguard device at the Geneva University Hospitals.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Impact of body composition changes on risk of all-cause mortality in older adults.

Purpose: This study evaluates the relationship between body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) changes and mortality in persons ≥65 years.

Methods: Adults ≥65 years with at least two body composition measurements (BCM) between 1990 and 2011 were included. We excluded persons who died within one month of the second BCM and who had two single BCM in a one-month timeframe.

Body composition and all-cause mortality in subjects older than 65 y.

Background: A low or high body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased mortality risk in older subjects without taking fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) into account. This information is essential because FMI is modulated through different healthcare strategies than is FFMI.

Objective: We aimed to determine the relation between body composition and mortality in older subjects.

Evaluation of three indirect calorimetry devices in mechanically ventilated patients: which device compares best with the Deltatrac II(®)? A prospective observational study.

Background & Aims: Indirect calorimetry (IC) is the gold standard to measure energy expenditure (EE) in hospitalized patients. The popular 30 year-old Deltatrac II(®) (Datex) IC is no more commercialized, but other manufacturers have developed new devices. This study aims at comparing for the first time simultaneously, two new IC, the CCM express(®) (Medgraphics) and the Quark RMR(®) (Cosmed) with the Deltatrac II(®) to assess their potential use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Comparison of three indirect calorimetry devices and three methods of gas collection: a prospective observational study.

Background & Aims: Indirect calorimetry was performed for a long time with the DeltatracII(®) device (Datex, Finland), considered as a reference but no longer produced. This study aims at comparing the energy expenditure (EE), the volume of oxygen (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2) measured by two new available indirect calorimeters, the QuarkRMR(®) (Cosmed, Italy) and the CCMexpress(®) (MedGraphic,USA), using three different methods of gas collection, with the DeltatracII(®) in healthy subjects.

Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects (15 women and 9 men, age 53 ± 15 yrs, mean BMI 25.

Low fat-free mass as a marker of mortality in community-dwelling healthy elderly subjects.

Background: low fat-free mass has been related to high mortality in patients. This study evaluated the relationship between body composition of healthy elderly subjects and mortality.

Methods: in 1999, 203 older subjects underwent measurements of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis, Charlson co-morbidity index and estimation of energy expenditure through physical activity by a validated questionnaire.

Body composition changes over 9 years in healthy elderly subjects and impact of physical activity.

Background & Aims: Age-related changes of body composition affect health status. This study aims at clarifying body composition changes in healthy elderly subjects, and evaluating the impact of physical activity on these changes.

Methods: In 1999, 213 subjects ≥ 65 years recruited through advertisements underwent assessment of health state, energy expenditure by physical activity, body composition by bioimpedance analysis and body cell mass by total body potassium.

Oral nutritional supplements and taste preferences: 545 days of clinical testing in malnourished in-patients.

Background & Aims: Acceptability and intake of oral nutritional supplements are often suboptimal, partly because patients dislike flavour, texture or smell. We assessed the taste preferences about milk-based and fruit-juice typed supplements in malnourished in-patients.

Methods: One hundred and nine in-patients requiring oral nutritional support were assigned to consume four given supplements on four consecutive days, to answer a questionnaire based on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) on acceptance/tolerance, and to choose their preferred product for the fifth day.

Hospitalized mechanically ventilated patients are at higher risk of enteral underfeeding than non-ventilated patients.

Background & Aims: Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred method of nutrition support in hospitalized patients but only 50-90% of the required calories are actually delivered. In order to identify where our nutrition support team (NST) should focus its activity, we prospectively evaluated the level of coverage of energy and protein needs during the first 5 days of EN in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients and the relationship of energy and protein coverage with serum albumin, transthryretin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Methods: Subjects (n=183) who required nutrition support and received EN were prospectively recruited.

Comparison of body weight and composition measured by two different dual energy X-ray absorptiometry devices and three acquisition modes in obese women.

Background And Aims: Weight measured by dual-energy X-ray (DXA) was shown to be increasingly underestimated in subjects over 75 kg compared to an electronic scale. This study compares body weight and composition measured by balance beam scale and three DXA acquisition modes in obese subjects.

Methods: In 39 obese, body weight was measured by balance beam scale, and body weight and composition by DXA Hologic QDR4500A in normal (NPM) and high power mode (HPM) (Enhanced v8.

Comparison of tools for nutritional assessment and screening at hospital admission: a population study.

Introduction: This population study aimed to test the sensitivity and specificity of nutritional risk index (NRI), malnutrition universal screening tool (MUST) and nutritional risk screening tool 2002 (NRS-2002) compared to subjective global assessment (SGA) and to evaluate the association between nutritional risk determined by these screening tools and length of hospital stay (LOS).

Methods: Patients (n=995) were assessed at hospital admission by four screening tools (SGA, NRI, MUST and NRS-2002). Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated to evaluate NRI, MUST and NRS-2002 compared to SGA.

Longitudinal follow-up of body composition in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.

Patients with hematological malignancies are well nourished prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HSCT and associated complications can affect body composition. The study evaluated cross-sectionally the prevalence and longitudinally the changes in lean body mass index (LBMI) in HSCT patients.

[Role of impedance measurement in nutritional screening].

Nutritional status has a prognostic value in the clinical evolution of patients who are malnourished, are becoming malnourished or are in process of being rehabilitated. The evaluation of nutritional status is based on a comprehensive approach, and includes body composition measurement by bio-impedance analysis (BIA). BIA determines the quantity of body fat-free and fat mass and has a precision around 4%.

[Simplified malnutrition screening tool: Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)].

MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool) is a nutritional screening tool easy to use by any trained care-giver and valid for any adult patient. It considers body mass index, weight change and acute disease effect equally and determines a malnutrition risk score. If necessary, anthropometric measures may be simpliyfied by alternative methods.

L-ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in HIV infection: effects on muscle, gastrointestinal, and immune functions.

Objectives: There have been claims that l-ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) exerts anticatabolic, anabolic, and immunomodulating properties. This study aimed at quantifying the effects of OKG on muscle force, body composition, and immune function in outpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and presenting weight loss.

Methods: Forty-six HIV(+) patients were included in a double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled trial for 12 wk (10 g/d of OKG or isonitrogenous placebo and nutritional counseling).

[ Evaluation of the nutritional state of patients in emergency services: contribution in measurement of body composition].

Weight and body mass index are used in clinical routine to detect malnourished patients. However, a study performed at the emergency admission of the University Hospital of Geneva shows that the prevalence of malnutrition is very underestimated when based on body mass index instead of fat-free mass. Indeed, a third of the patients with normal body mass index, i.

[Modulation of immunity in cancerous patient : an weapon with double edges?].

Nutritional support of cancer patients should ideally contribute to improve the immune defence, maintain the protein body pool and sensitize the tumour to oncologic treatments. Such a goal is not easy to achieve, because any nutritional support efficient at stimulating immune response and protein syntheses might also simultaneously stimulate the tumour growth. Contradictory observations have been reported for several nutrients contained in the nutritive solutions available on the market.

Body composition in 995 acutely ill or chronically ill patients at hospital admission: a controlled population study.

Objective: To determine if fat-free mass and fat mass in acutely ill and chronically ill patients differed from healthy controls at hospital admission and if prevalence of malnutrition differed by body mass index (BMI) or fat-free mass percentile.

Subjects/setting: 995 consecutive patients 15 to 100 years of age admitted to the hospital were measured in the hospital admission center and compared with 995 healthy age- and height-matched subjects

Design: Cross-sectional study. Fat-free mass, fat mass, and percentage fat mass were determined by 50 kHz bioelectrical impedance analysis.